Race, Class, and Gender in the United States Essay

Rothenberg paints an oppressive picture for wo hands, the financially ladened and minority members of society. The author bears compelling essays of race, grammatical sexual activity and fork which examine the friendly construct of from each one issue. extend has been defined as the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences take a leak an inherent superiority of a position race. This has produced the view that Euro-Ameri corporations brotherly, ethnical, and stinting advantaged position must be maintained at the expense of others as the normal life.The influential power of race, sexuality and secernate ar explained and illustrated through the entreaty of essays. The dynamics of power are carve up based on different loving family lineifications. Concrete Responses The essays included present a compelling but biased study within the scene of class, race and gender. History shows racism has been clearly practiced in the yesteryear however much has been d matchless to correct the unbridge equal to(p) and immutable differences in race, gender and class status in the unify States.Rothenberg emphasizes, in the collection of essays, past views of Euro-Americans superiority in intelligence and abilities over darker skin races. passim the history of the United States, variation against race and gender has been documented therefore creating various classes according to race and gender. Racism has been defined as a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a special(a) race (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 2010).While dissimilarity is described as being the process by which two stimuli differing in some aspect are responded to differently (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 2010). Discrimination encompasses a much larger circumference than racism. People v. Hall, 1854, Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857, and Bradwell v. Illinois, 1873 created a class difference in the ruling of each case between Euro-American males, Indians, Negroes, Chinese and women (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 495).Skin assumption differences urinate been thought to explain intellect, physical and artistic differences, thus justifying variable treatment between racially different individuals (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 17). A person of piazza was considered of superior intelligence and character (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 8). The claim that race is a social construction takes issue with the once popular belief that people were natural into different races with innate, biologically based differences in intellect, temperament, and character (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 10).Michael Omi and Howard Winant maintain that Race is more a political categorization that a biological or scientific category (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 10). Racial distinctions can be correlated with economic and political changes in the society of the United States. In California, 1854, the state arrogant Court ruled in the case, People v. Hall that Chinese Americans should be barred from testifying against albumens as Indians and Negroes had previously been barred with a California statue. The settle marked Chinese-Americans as inferior, and are incapable of progress or intellectual development beyond a certain point (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 495). Orientals and Hispanics were regarded to be by nature suited to perform brutal, sometimes crippling, farm labor which whites were physically out or keeping(p) to perform. In 1857, the United States Supreme Court ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford verbalise that Negroes were never considered a part of the people of the United States (Rothenberg, 2010, 495). Gender refers to the grumpy set of socially constructed meanings associated with each sex (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 2010).Men and women hurt been envisioned as polar opposites with different abilities. The notion of difference itself is constructed and suggests that the claim that women and men are naturally and profoundly different reflects a political and social decision rather than a distinction addicted in nature. In 1873, the Supreme Court ruled in Bradwell v. Illinois that women could not practice truth and added further degradation arguing that women belong in the domestic subject area (Rothenberg, 2010, 495). Every society has different options on what constitutes a charwomans gender role verses a mans role.While hard roe v. Wade, 1973, is considered a significant stride forward in womens rights, the later on effects of the abortion rights flagn have for open debate on the benefits this case has brought to the womens movement. Spiritually, man and wife should be as one flesh (Genesis 224) and a helpmate to each other (Genesis 218), not in competition with each other for power. In the past, attitudes against races and gender other than Euro-American males have restricted the right to vote, own property, and even blanket(a) to the forced evacuation of Japanese-Americans into relocation camps.Clearly, discrimination has existed in this acres however, the ordinal century has seen the growth of large and diverse movements for race and gender arbitrator (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 497). However, Rothenbergs emphasis on race and gender portray differences as unbridgeable and immutable, regardless of any social programs or education. Reflection Rothenbergs collection of essays is informative of historical discrimination and the opinions of a number of authors however, there are two sides to every story.Rothenberg has presented only one side of the race, class, and gender issues in an angry fashion. All evil has not been created by Euro-Americans. Pem Davidson photograph states that northern lily-whites looked down their noses at the Irish in the same trend they looked at free Blacks (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 35). This created a psychological wage (Buck as quoted by Rothenberg, 2010, p. 35), instead of monetary gain, such as the employee of the month or delegate parking places (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 35).Calvinism taught being poor was a punishment from God time success was a sign of being righteous with God. This further created differences in class among the American society, including discrimination of women, people of color, and homophobia. Differences between rich and poor, white and black, men and women are socially constructed as innate differences among people. Then they are used to rationalize or justify the unequal diffusion of wealthiness and power that results from economic decisions made to perpetuate perk.The status of various occupations and class positions they imply often changes depending on whether the occupation is predominately female or male. This particular discrimination also led to more domestication of women. Status began to be calculated if a woman could stay home (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 36). If a woman was forced into the labor force, the family didnt meet the cultural requirements for white privilege (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 36). The categories of gender, race and class reflect culturally constructed differences that maintain the prevailing distribution of power and privilege in a society.Constructed differences are altered in relation to social, political and economic changes. The argument seems to fluxuate between racism and culturism. If cultural status is lost due to a woman working, that has very modest to do with to which race she belongs. As stated in Bucks essay (Rothenberg, 2010, p. 36), native men redefined themselves by their class position as skilled mechanics working for interrupt wages under better conditions (p. 36) due to the ownership of their trade tools and their hard work ethic (Rothenberg, 2010, p.36). once more this is cultural rather than racial. Any craftsmen, no matter what color his skin, can buy the tools of his trade to better his position. Rothenberg tends to be angry at this countrys struggles agains t racism, class and gender. She has collected many angry essays to support her racial and feminist opinions but has not shown more than a minimal prolongation to how far this country has progressed for all races and genders to be We the People of the United States (U.S. Constitution, 1776) forming a more perfect Union under God. Action This book has given me much food for thought. During the reading of this book, I have been more consciously aware of the different races and cultures in my workplace. While I dont agree with Rothenbergs apparent view that racial and gender discrimination continues in our society today as it has throughout our countrys history, I do see a tendency towards a stamp out discrimination.Since my husband joined corporate America al most(prenominal) two age ago, Ive watched him miss promotions, even though he is very full-bodied and conscientious in his work, so that a minority, usually a woman, could have the position, even though her employee record is full of criticism of her work ethic. White males continue to be punished today for the actions and attitudes of their forefathers even though most do not hold those same discriminatory beliefs.While I am not unconscious of race, I do not observe an individual as part of a particular race in my first impression or description of them. As I have illustrated with my students, no two people whether light or dark skinned are the same color. The biggest wish I have for my students is for them to be able to unzip their skin so that color is not visible to each other at all. As future medical assistants, surgical technicians, apothecarys shop technicians and nursing assistants, these students need to see past race, gender and even class.As a teacher, I strive not to make decisions based on race or gender. Class is not an issue for me in the class room since all students dress in scrubs according to train dress code. Lao Tzu said, Give a man a tip and you feed him for a day. Teach him ho w to fish and you feed him for a lifetime(n. d. ). I am a firm believer that regardless of race, gender or class that our country was founded to give everyone an equal opportunity to adopt life, liberty and happiness with hard work and education.If I can give my students a sense of work ethic along with the academic and technological skills they need, I will have given them the tools to succeed financially and in their chosen professions.ReferencesDiscrimination. (2010). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved alarming 13, 2010, from http//www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/discrimination gender. (2010). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http//www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/gender Lao Tzu. (n. d. ). BrainyQuote. com.Retrieved August 13, 2010, from BrainyQuote. com Web site http//www. brainyquote. com/quotes/quotes/l/laotzu121559. hypertext mark-up language Mount, Steve. (2001)The Constitution of the United States, Preamble. US Constitution. net. U. S. Constitution online. Retrieved August 12, 2010 from http//www. usconstitution. net/const. html racism. (2010). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved August 8, 2010, from http//www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/racism Rothenberg, P. (2010), Race, Class, and Gender in the United States. New York Worth Publishers.