Acid Rain (537 words) Essay Example For Students

Acid Rain (537 words) Essay Acid RainAcid rain refers to all types of precipitationrain, snow, sleet, hail,fogthat is acidic in nature. Acidic means that these forms of water have a pHlower than the 5.6 average of rainwater. Acid rain kills aquatic life, trees,crops and other vegetation, damages buildings and monuments, corrodes copper andlead piping, damages such man-made things as automobiles, reduces soil fertilityand can cause toxic metals to leach into underground drinking water sources. Rain is naturally acidic because carbon dioxide, found normally in the earthsatmosphere, reacts with water to form carbonic acid. While purerains acidity is pH 5.6-5.7, actual pH readings vary from place to placedepending upon the type and amount of other gases present in the air, such assulphur oxide and nitrogen oxides. The term pH refers to the free hydrogen ions(electrically charged atoms) in water and is measured on a scale from 0 to 14. Seven is considered neutral and measurements below seven are acidic while thoseabove it are basic or alkaline. Every point on the pH scale represents a tenfoldincrease over the previous number. Thus, pH 4 is 10 times more acidic than pH 5and 100 times more so than pH 6. Similarly, pH 9 is 1O times more basic than pH8 and 100 times more basic than pH 7. The acid in acid rain comes from two kindsof air pollutants sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). These areemitted primarily from utility and smelter smokestacks andautomobile, truck and bus exhausts, but they also come from burning wood. Whenthese pollutants reach the atmosphere they combine with gaseous water in cloudsand change to acidssulphuric acid and nitric acid. Then, rain and snow washthese acids from the air. Acid rain affects lakes, streams, rivers, bays, pondsand other bodies of water by increasing their acidity until fish and otheraquatic creatures can no longer live. Aquatic plants grow best between pH 7.0and 9 .2 (Bourodemos). As acidity increases (pH numbers become lower), submergedaquatic plants decrease and deprive waterfowl of their basic food source. At pH6, freshwater shrimp cannot survive. At pH 5.5, bottom-dwelling bacterialdecomposers begin to die and leave undecomposed leaf litter and other organicdebris to collect on the bottom. This deprives planktontiny creatures thatform the base of the aquatic food chainof food, so that they too disappear. Below a pH of about 4.5, all fish die. Acid rain harms more than aquatic life. It also harms vegetation. The forests of the Federal Republic of Germany andelsewhere in Western Europe, for example, are believed to be dying because ofacid rain. Scientists believe that acid rain damages the protective waxy coatingof leaves and allows acids to diffuse into them, which interrupts theevaporation of water and gas exchange so that the plant no longer can breathe. This stops the plants conversion of nutrients and water into a form useful forplant growth and affects crop yields. Perhaps the most important effects of acidrain on forests result from nutrient leaching, accumulation of toxic metals andthe release of toxic aluminum. Nutrient leaching occurs when acid rain addshydrogen ions to the soil which interact chemically with existing minerals. Thisdisplaces calcium, magnesium and potassium from soil particles and deprivestrees of nutrition.

A Review of Writing Research Papers Spiral

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College Essay on How to Deal With Grief

College Essay on How to Deal With GriefYou need to understand the words of the monster calls and read the thoughts that people have regarding the death of a loved one. They call him, they say they are sorry, but most of all, they tell you they are sorry they did not live longer than they do. Now that's not something you need to worry about when you write a college essay on how to deal with grief.The primary objective in writing a college essay on how to deal with grief is to give students an opportunity to express themselves through research and use academic skills to form good conclusions and analyze information. It's not the time to fret about the wishes of the dead. You can also be certain that no one actually died from a monster call.Today's generation is a fearful one. They want answers to their questions. They want answers to their problems. Most of them want confirmation that all is well.This has become a way of life in this country as they live in fear of life, time, and deat h. They want to know that there is a God who will hear their prayers at any time. They simply want answers to their prayers that they can find no more satisfactory answers to.In most cases, if they have questions, they call someone on the phone, take a trip to their church, or ask the priest about what God says about the things they need to know, but instead of receiving clarity and a simple answer, they get the chorus of monster calls. Some of these calls are malicious and totally out of line.When you write a college essay on how to deal with grief, you may be in the position where your ears are bleeding, and your eyes are flooded with tears and you're not having the time to take all this in. However, in order to make sure that you know the extent of this problem you need to go beyond these emotions and go after the facts.If you try to take it all in one big gulp one long day after another, you will never come up with anything substantial. The best thing you can do is go through yo ur emotions and see the threads that pull the story together. Then you can slowly unravel the pieces and piece together what went wrong, and what can be done to stop it.In your college essay on how to deal with grief, you will not have the luxury of indulging in the pain of the situation. However, you can't stop your heart from pounding in your chest, and your thoughts are racing at the thought of the person who is gone. The key is to accept and grieve, and let those you love know that they are not forgotten.

AP English Writing Test - Can You Answer the Question in Your AP English Essay Without Any Problem?

AP English Writing Test - Can You Answer the Question in Your AP English Essay Without Any Problem?What kind of AP English essay question would be right for you? Maybe you think that college Board Essay questions are challenging, and they are in some cases, but many of them are also ridiculously easy.This is not the case when you're trying to get your AP English writing certificate. The requirements for this exam are quite high, and they are also different from one college to the next. So if you can answer the question in your AP English College Board essay without any problem, chances are you're doing something wrong.That being said, I've been in situations where the AP English Writing test is much more difficult than it really is. If you have not been in a situation like this, or you just aren't up to the challenge, you'll want to study for the AP English test.For your AP English test, there are only two questions. They are both related to vocabulary, and also to grammar. There is no essay question that is going to be too hard, because it's not like there is any math involved.The first question on the AP English test asks you to write a paragraph about a country and explain what the country looks like. Of course, you will need to know at least one word of the wordings for the country. You will also need to know at least one thing about the culture of the country, such as a current political situation.After writing your paragraph, you will then be asked to provide proof of your grammar skills. What proof is given depends on the test and the particular College Board test you took. This question is usually about not only grammar but also sentence structure.Your second writing problem is easier and will involve only sentence construction. It is also similar to the previous writing question and only needs to be written out of twenty minutes. It involves paragraph structures and how to spell words correctly.Both of these writing problems will be very similar to eac h other and will be used to test your skills in sentence structure and grammar. Keep in mind that the writers skills of many College Board writers are incredibly advanced, so if you need to be a professional writer, you will need to study for this test, because it will test many of the skills you have learned in college.

Essay Topics For Going to Meet the Man Baldwin

Essay Topics For Going to Meet the Man BaldwinThere are many essay topics for going to meet the man Baldwin. You could be thinking about putting together an essay on anything from how you discovered that you had a problem with hair loss to why you think you will always date men who are bald, or anything else of this nature.Since so many people are having trouble with meeting the man Baldwin, I am going to do my best to answer some of the questions that you may have. This essay will also serve as a great way to learn more about the book, 'The Man Beret' by Harry George Littell.Most people have a problem with meeting the man Baldwin because they think they have to be old, rich, or handsome to be able to meet him. Actually meeting the man Baldwin can be easier than you think. I will show you just a few things that you can do to meet the man Baldwin and get back your guy friends.You will find out that it is possible to meet men all over the world. If you can't meet him at your local bar or party, you can meet him in the office, on the internet, or at a club or dinner event.One of the things that you can do to meet the man Baldwin is to go and take some training classes. You will find out that you can be trained in some very important skills. The biggest advantage is that you will have a much better chance of getting what you want out of your meeting the man Baldwin.When you go on your first date with him, you will find out that most of the time he will go out of his way to meet you. The truth is that you have already taken the first step to meeting the man Baldwin. Even if he is too shy to approach you, you can simply have a few drinks and then say something to the effect of 'I am going to pick you up at five.'You will see that meeting the man Baldwin does not have to be difficult. Instead, you will find out that you can work on what you need to improve in order to meet the man Baldwin.

California Public Service System Challenges and Opportunities Essay Example

California Public Service System: Challenges and Opportunities Essay The California Public Service System, officially called the State of California Personnel Board (SCPB), is a key institution in the state. First instituted in the year 1934, the civil service system has upheld high standards of equality and fairness in its history. The history of SCPB is intricately linked to the history of the country as a whole and hence the changes witnessed in the board were also seen nationwide. At the same time, due to the unique demographic composition of the state of California, with a high percentage of ethnic minorities, the SCPB had at times taken a leadership role in extending equal job opportunities to residents. For example, during the civil rights movement of the 1960s, the board was sympathetic to the cause of African Americans. It is no coincidence that the civil rights movement found its highest expression in the state of California. And in the movement’s aftermath the employee roll of the board reflected this newfound equality in opportunity . The board has strived hard to uphold this spirit even today and provides employment based on merit and free of political patronage (www.spb.ca.gov, 2010). The political atmosphere of today is quite different from what it was in the 1960s. Today it is the phenomenon of illegal immigration and the burgeoning Hispanic American population that is the central talking point. Since the state of California sees the largest influx of illegal immigrants, it is imperative that the SCPB be proactive in devising a fair and just system of employment. Hence it its history of over seventy years, this is the biggest challenge that the board has faced. And only a concerted effort at all levels of the board hierarchy and local departments would lead to a robust and implementable solution for this problem. (Population and Population Centers by State: 2000, 2002) We will write a custom essay sample on California Public Service System: Challenges and Opportunities specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on California Public Service System: Challenges and Opportunities specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on California Public Service System: Challenges and Opportunities specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Despite California being home to plenty of illegal immigrants, the entire community is disqualified from applying for civil service jobs. As a result, they are forced to seek private sector employment, where their vulnerability and illegitimacy is thoroughly exploited. Moreover, they do not get any benefits in the form of health insurance, job security, etc. In recent years Hispanic Americans have overtaken African Americans as the most populous minority group in the country. Hence, it is no longer socio-politically prudent to ignore the needs and demands of this group. California being the most sought after destination for Latin emigre’s it is imperative that the SCPB take initiative to provide job opportunities for this key group. (Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2007) Statistics from recent years reveal that there is fair representation of different ethnic/racial groups in employment. But there is evidence of underutilization of staff, especially those who fall under ethnic/racial minority categories. Hence the board leadership should also look into the issue of underutilization and attempt to overcome this problem by creative methods of human resource utilization. The conception and usage of Workforce Analysis Toolkit (WAT) is particularly relevant in this regard. As the SCPB marches into the 21st century, it is important to look at some of the issues deciphered by the WAT and try to remedy those issues. Chief among the problems identified by the WAT is the management of upward mobility of employees. As is well documented in state civil service literature, there are not always enough senior level positions for entry-level staff to move into. Employment in the private sector, on the other hand, is lot more attractive in this respect. Hence, the SCPB is faced with some major challenges as it enters its eight decade of existence. (US Census Bureau, 2008) With analytic tools such as the WAT, the SCPB is technologically equipped to deal with its present problems. What is required is proper communication and coordination between the various departments in implementing the plans. With the inspirational leadership of Governor Schwarzenegger, there is room for optimism that the SCPB will overcome its challenges and set an example to civil service boards in other states. References: State of California Personnel Board, official website: www.spb.ca.gov on 25th May, 2010. Bureau of Economic Analysis (March 27, 2007). â€Å"State Personal Income 2006†. Press release. http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/spi/2007/spi0307.htm. â€Å"Population and Population Centers by State: 2000† (TXT). United States Census 2000. US Census Bureau Geography Division. May 20, 2002. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt. â€Å"California QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau:†. US Census Bureau. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06000.html. The California Public Service System, officially called the State of California Personnel Board (SCPB), is a key institution in the state. First instituted in the year 1934, the civil service system has upheld high standards of equality and fairness in its history. The history of SCPB is intricately linked to the history of the country as a whole and hence the changes witnessed in the board were also seen nationwide. At the same time, due to the unique demographic composition of the state of California, with a high percentage of ethnic minorities, the SCPB had at times taken a leadership role in extending equal job opportunities to residents. For example, during the civil rights movement of the 1960s, the board was sympathetic to the cause of African Americans. It is no coincidence that the civil rights movement found its highest expression in the state of California. And in the movement’s aftermath the employee roll of the board reflected this newfound equality in opportunity . .

Significance of social media in business operations

Significance of social media in business operations Introduction Background to the study Contemporarily, change is one of the most constant elements that businesses have to take into account in the course of their operations. This assertion highlights why the past few decades have been characterised by profound social, economic, and technological transformations emanating from external market forces such as political, economic, technological, social, and legal environments.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Significance of social media in business operations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These changes have led to the emergence of a myriad of opportunities and threats within the business environment. Changes occurring in the macro environment have led to an increment in the rate of invention and innovation. In addition, social and technological changes have motivated entrepreneurs to invest in new and continuous product development in the pursuit for economic sustain ability. The Internet is categorised amongst the top innovations of the 21st century. Its development has led to the increment in the number of innovations that are being undertaken. The emergence of numerous web-based applications and platforms is one of the ways through which the Internet has been utilised. Internet development has led to the increment in the rate of connectivity amongst consumers. Its development has significantly influenced consumers’ behaviour. Moreover, the impact of the Internet can be felt through a myriad of applications in various market segments such as investing, shopping, banking, learning, and entertainment (Brunty et al. 2013). The trend with regard to technological innovation will continue into the future. Consequently, it is fundamental for businesses to embrace the emerging technological changes in order to achieve business continuity. Businesses should evaluate how they can utilise emerging changes in order to succeed. For example, organisa tions and entrepreneurs should take advantage of the technological innovations (Brunty et al. 2013). Social networks is one of the innovations that entrepreneurs can utilise in their quest to achieve their goals. Jadhav et al. (2009) define social network to include â€Å"a social structure made of nodes, which are usually individuals or organisations tied by one or more specific types of relations, such as financial exchange, friendship, trade and web links amongst others† (p. 49).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Social networks have transformed communication in organisations significantly. Conventionally, the media was used to communicate to target population. Social media has transformed this form of communication. Currently, social media provides businesses with an opportunity to interact with existing and potential customers. Apart from marketing, busi nesses can also utilise social media in other areas of management such as human resource management and research and development. Statement of the problem The high rate of innovation with regard to social networks has led to the emergence of a wide range of social media technologies. The social media that have been developed can be categorised into various classes, which include content communities, collaborative projects, virtual social worlds, social networking sites, and virtual game worlds. On the other hand, social technologies relate to emails, instant messaging, picture sharing, and blogs. Despite the numerous social media technologies that have been developed and their significance to business success, only a few businesses have integrated these technologies in their operation. The significance of social media technologies in enhancing competitive advantage and business continuity is highlighted by Thomas and Wasmund (2011) who posit that there is â€Å"not a business or an entrepreneur that should not be using social media in one way or another† (p. 16). Moreover, a study conducted by Optus in 2010 revealed that only 28% of small and medium sized enterprises have integrated social media in their operation, which represents a relatively small proportion of all SMES. Despite this scenario, Waters (2013) posits that social media is here to stay; thus, it is imperative for entrepreneurs to evaluate how they will utilise social media in order to improve their competitive edge.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Significance of social media in business operations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research objectives This research intends to achieve the following objectives. To evaluate how organisations and entrepreneurs can utilise social media in order to maximise profitability. To investigate the social media strategies that organisations can integrate in order to improve organisati onal performance and productivity. Research questions To achieve the above objectives, the following research questions will be taken into account. How can businesses utilise social media to maximise their profitability? What social media strategies can individuals and organisations integrate in order to improve their businesses’ performance and productivity Significance of the study Organisations cannot develop competitiveness by only being conscious of changes of occurring in the business environment. However, they have to align their operational strategies to market changes. Thomas and Wasmund (2011) are of the opinion that organisational change is a key element in firms’ effort to survive. Dealing with such change requires organisations to be agile and anticipate possible changes. This study will give organisations’ management teams insight on how they can utilise social media to develop their competitive edge. Some of the areas that will be evaluated rel ate to marketing, research and development, and human resource management. Analysing how social media can be used in these areas will improve the likelihood of businesses adjusting their operational strategies accordingly; thus improving their business foundation. For example, using social media will improve the probability of achieving diverse business goals such as profitability and developing a strong human capital base. Literature review The evolution of existing technology and the emergence of new technology have led to transformation of the business environment. Hundreds of social networking sites have been developed over the Internet in the past few years.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Increased research and development with regard to the Internet has culminated in the emergence of diverse social media platforms. Some of the common online social networking sites include Facebook, LinkedIn, Flickr, and MySpace. Social networking sites have undergone exponential growth due to increased investment in research and development. It is estimated that approximately 4 out of 5 citizens in the United States are developing, creating, and participating in social media. Leanne (2012) is of the opinion that social media has been integrated in the consumers’ everyday life, which underscores the importance of integrating emerging social media networks in business operations. Remenyi (2008) opines, â€Å"Social technologies are no longer a fad or something that will passs of such social media platforms include Twitter, You Tube, and Facebook. The effectiveness of these tools in creating market awareness arises from the emergence of a trend whereby consumers are using the I nternet as a major source of product information. Therefore, it is fundamental for entrepreneurs to formulate an effective social web by integrating diverse social media platforms such as illustrated in figure 1 below. Source: (Oracle 2012) The social web should be comprised of different spaces, which include spaces owned by the entrepreneur, spaces hosted, and the spaces in which the entrepreneur participates. The space owned by the entrepreneur may relate to the business official website, the contact centre and the knowledgebase while spaces hosted relate to You Tube and Facebook. Businesses can exploit this trend in consumer behaviour by designing a fan page on social media sites such as Facebook, which will play a critical role in increasing an organisation’s customer base. Currently, it is estimated that approximately 165 million Twitter users, 500 million Facebook users, and 75 million LinkedIn users. Additionally, approximately 200 billion videos are watched daily on You Tube (Thomas Wasmund 2011). Using Facebook is relatively easy, which means that it is not a platform for only large businesses but also the small and medium sized enterprises. Developing fan pages will enable businesses to leverage on social media viral capabilities. Businesses should also design short videos containing the products and services issued and post them on social media platforms such as You Tube. Other social networking tools that can be used to post videos include Youku, which is a Chinese video streaming service. Youku has assisted major companies such as IBM, Google, Pepsi, Nike, Mercdes-Benz and Nokia generate revenue. Consequently, using such tools will lead to the creation of viral effect on the videos. Moreover, interacting with consumers through social media leads to the development of a strong customer relationship. For example, an organisation is able to access market feedback regarding its products and services. Safko (2012) is of the opinion that social media provides consumers with a 360-degree feedback mechanism. Thus, social media provides entrepreneurs with a perfect opportunity to respond to customer complaints and opinions hence enhancing the level of customer loyalty (Safko 2012). Businesses and entrepreneurs should also interact with the online community through social media platforms such as LinkedIn, Yelp, foursquare, slideshare, and You Tube. Integrating social media also plays a critical role in increasing an organisation’s sales revenue and hence the level of profitability. Integrating with customers through various social media sites increases the likelihood of businesses and entrepreneurs developing a clear understanding of the prevailing consumer needs (Bodnar Cohen 2011). Consequently, an organisation can be able to align its products to the prevailing customer needs. The high rate of technological development with regard to ICT has led to the emergence of mobile devices such as Ipad and Ipods. In a bid to improve their effectiveness with regard to creating market awareness, it is essential for businesses to integrate mobile social media, which is achievable via developing a mobile social media application that is customised to a particular business. This platform will increase the effectiveness with which an organisation creates product and services awareness to potential consumers who do not have personal computers. The past few years have been characterised by increment in the number of consumers who own tablets, ipads, and ipods. Consequently, it is imperative for entrepreneurs to take into account the developments in the social media. Human resource management Staffing; talent acquisition and management The success of both large and small enterprises is dependent on the quality of human capital developed. Jacobson (2009) posits that a strong human capital base contributes towards achievement of the set organisational goals. Firms can post job adverts on various social media plat forms in an effort to improve the number of potential applicants. Fans on social media platforms can share job adverts with their friends and family members seeking a job (O’Leary et al. 2011). Leanne (2012) is of the opinion that social media has been utilised by organisations in conducting a background evaluation of job candidates. Some of the sites that have previously been used concerning these aspects relate to LinkedIn, Twitter, and Facebook. LinkedIn is ranked amongst the most effective social media platform with regard to recruitment of professionals (O’Leary et al. 2011). Its effectiveness hinges on the presumption that the platform is used to share professional information of its users. It is estimated that approximately 50% of Fortune 100 firms depend on LinkedIn in their recruitment drive. Therefore, using LinkedIn is considered very cost effective (Pride 2009). By the end of 2012, Facebook had a following of over 900 million users. Consequently, employers can obtain substantial background information regarding job applicants without having to leave their office. A survey conducted by Microsoft revealed that approximately 79% of managers in the US had utilised social media in their employee recruitment processes. Seventy percent (70%) of the managers revealed that they had rejected job applications because of the posts and comments on online platforms by the applicants. This aspect highlights the importance of developing good online reputation by posting positive comments. Social media provide organisations with an opportunity to expand their talent pool by improving its connectivity with passive jobseekers (Leanne 2012). Another avenue through which businesses can use social media entails ensuring that the employees comply with the set rules and regulations. Consequently, it is imperative for HR managers to ensure that an effective internal communication system is implemented. A study conducted by KPMG shows that organisations could use social media to develop the employees’ talent. For example, an organisation can leverage on social media by ensuring that they are connected with special interest groups such as mentoring group and volunteerism. Organisations can also utilise social media by developing expert directories comprised of employees who are conversant with one another. Mobility and collaboration Emergence of new technology and change in employees needs presents a major challenge for HR managers in their pursuit to develop a strong human resource base (Somers et al. 2009). For example, emergence of mobile social media devices has led to the creation of a prospect for immediacy amongst the modern workforce. Organisations can use social media to improve the degree of collaboration amongst employees. Currently, organisations are increasingly using projects in their quest to improve their performance. However, successful implementation of projects is dependent on the degree of coordination amongst t he project team members. Using various social media platforms improves communication and interaction within project teams as illustrated by Thomas and Barlow (2011) who posit that a team â€Å"remains the most flexible and the most powerful unit of performance, learning, and change in any organisation† (p. 30). Through social media, project team members can be able to share valuable knowledge and information. Incorporating social media is also paramount in developing a strong multigenerational workforce. Safko (2012) is of the opinion that communication â€Å"serves as a strategic change level by facilitating the transition of awareness to the actual ownership and adoption and integration of social media tools and guidelines† (p. 6). Research and development The number of social media users has grown exponentially. This trend is expected to continue into the future. Consequently, social media provides organisations with an opportunity to undertake research and developm ent. Soderman and Dolles (2013) are of the opinion that this goal is achievable via undertaking marketing research through the social media platforms. For example, an organisation can utilise the customers’ responses on social media regarding its products and services in their new product and continuous product development processes. Moreover, a number of social media monitoring tools have been developed due to increased innovations with regard to social media. Radian6 and Spredfast.com are some of the companies that have developed platforms that can be used in the process of conducting marketing research. The platform is comprised of well-developed web-based software that can be used in managing social media marketing. Using such tools can enable an organisation to evaluate the profitability potential of its target market by analysing the size of the target audience and their level of market engagement. Gaining such knowledge can give entrepreneurs insight on how to improve its branding strategies. Other web-based software that can assist businesses in determining the number of visitors who view the firm’s social media platforms such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Flickr, and YouTube updates have been developed (Soderman Dolles 2013). Research methodology The success of a particular study is influenced by the quality of the research framework adopted. Creswell and Clark (2011) posit that it is fundamental for researchers to incorporate an effective research design outlining the method collecting and analysing the data collected (Maxwell 2005). Both qualitative and quantitative research designs were used in this study. Qualitative research design enabled the researcher to acquire a substantial amount of data from the target population by conducting an in-depth analysis of the subject under investigation. On the other hand, quantitative research design was incorporated in order to improve the process of interpreting the research findings, which will be achieved by integrating numerical aspects of the phenomenon. Population and sample Organisational leaders and individual entrepreneurs from well-established businesses were targeted as the study population. This choice of the target population was informed by the knowledge that such individuals have sufficient knowledge regarding on the importance of ICT in the operation of an organisation. Random sampling technique was incorporated in selecting the sample. Thus, the researcher was able to eliminate bias in selecting the sample; all the individuals in the target population had the same likelihood of being selected as the target population (Deming 2002). A sample size of 100 respondents was selected from the target population. Data collection Primary and secondary methods of data collection were adopted. Secondary data was obtained by reviewing published reports and surveys on the subject. However, it was ensured that only credible sources of data were utilised. Thus, only re levant data was collected. On the other hand, primary methods entailed using data collection instruments such as questionnaires and interviews. Analysis and presentation The objective of this research is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the role of social media in enhancing the level of profitability in businesses. Moreover, the study intends to investigate the social media strategies that organisations can integrate in order to improve organisational performance and productivity. The researcher asked questions with regard to these aspects and obtained varied responses as illustrated herein. Analysis of research questions The researcher asked the respondents a number of questions to gauge whether the respondents have had any experience using social media in their marketing processes. Seventy percent of the respondents were of the opinion that they have used social media for personal purposes at one point. On the other hand, 30% of the respondents said that they had not in corporated social media in life, which explains the low rate of integration of social media in business operation especially amongst small businesses. When asked whether social media is important in their business operation, the respondents gave varied opinions as illustrated in the chart below. Strongly agree 47% Agree 38% Disagree 2% Uncertain 9% Strongly disagree 2% Total 100% Despite concurring that social media marketing through emerging social media networks is valuable for business operation, only 37% of the respondents said that they have used Facebook in their business-to-consumer marketing processes at one point. On the other hand, 29% of the respondents said that their organisations have integrated social media in their business-to-business marketing activities, which represents a relatively low rate of integration of social media in marketing activities. Considering the significance of effective market communication in business operation, it is imperativ e for entrepreneurs to align their business operation to market changes. The researcher was interested in knowing whether the businesses have integrated any social media in their traditional market communication activities. The results obtained varied as illustrated in the chart below. Strongly agree 23% Agree 45% Disagree 12% Strongly disagree 17% Uncertain 3% Total 100% In addition to computer-based social media platforms, the researcher intended to know whether the respondent’s businesses had developed mobile-optimised social media platforms. Ninety-seven (97%) of the respondents said that their businesses have not done so, which underscores the low rate of social media appreciation amongst business activities. In a bid to understand the businesses’ commitment to social media marketing, the researcher sought to understand the number of hours that the businesses commit to undertake social media marketing per week. The results obtained are illustrated below. Number of hours per week Percentage response 0 50% 1-5 20% 6-10 11% 11-15 9% 16-20 5% 21-25 3% 26-30 1% 31-35 1% Total 100% When asked about the benefits of social media in an organisation’s marketing practices, the respondents cited a number of benefits as illustrated below. Benefit cited Percentage response Increased exposure and insight on market changes 89% Development of customer loyalty 76% Improvement in business partnership 69% Reduction in marketing expenses 86% Increased sales 88% Eighty percent (80%) of the respondents said that an organisation can utilise the market feedback obtained in thier continuous product innovation by undertaking an online makret research. The respondents were of the opinion that organisations can use social media to gain insight on consumer complaints regarding the firm’s products and services. Moreover, the research can be focused on both the competitors and the customers. Despite t heir concurrence with the role of social media in research and development in an organisation’s operations, 90% of the respondents said that their businesses have not adopted social media in gaining market intelligence. The study also intended to evaluate the extent to which entrepreneurs have incorporated social media in their human resource management practices. The responses obtained in this regard show that businesses have not appreciated the role of social media in developing a strong human resource base. The chart below illustrates the responses obtained. Social media HR management Percentage response Employee recuritment and selection 10% Internal organisational communication 55% Talent management 5% No involvement 30% Discussion From the literature review, it is evident that innovations with regard to information communication technology are likely to continue into the future. Social media is one of the greatest revolutions of the 21st century. The hig h rate of innovation with regard to social media means that its importance in our daily lives is likely to increase. Consequently, it is imperative for businesses to evaluate how best they can utilise the new technology. Some of the areas that entrepreneurs can consider integrating include marketing, human resource management and market research.The study shows that social media can iimprove the effectiveness with whcih an organisation undertakes its marketing activities. One of these activities relaates to creating marketing communication. Businesses can use different social media platforms to advertise thier products and services. The likelihood of a business creating market awareness regarding its operations to a wide range of potentia customers is high considering the high rate at which customers have integrated social media in their lifestyle. Moreover, social media marketig can enable an organisation to develop a strong relationship with other parties in the supply chain. Anot her major benefit of social media marketing is that it is cost effective. Czinkota (2009) is of the opinion that a huge gap exists between social and traditional media. Czinkota (2009) posits that it is imperative for both large and small businesses to evaluate how they can incorporate social media in thier human resource management pactices. The study confirms that social media networks are redefining how busineses undertake thier HR management practices. Previously, entreprenuers relied on traditional methods of recruit employees, which no longer the case as businesses are relying on the connectivity of job applicants through various social media platforms in order to undertand their background. Consequently, an organisation is in a position to develop a strong workforce. Social media can also be used to nurture a strong organisational culture. For example, a business can use social media to interact with internal stakeholders such as employees, which will lead to the creation of a sense of involvement amongst employees. Consequently, the probability of developing a strong degree of organisational identification amongst employees is developed. In their quest to gain new market intelligence. Consequently, social media can be defined as a double-edged swowed in that entreprenuers can understand both positive and negative market feedback regarding its operation (Czinkota 2009). Previously, businesses had a limited scope within which they would have undertaken market research. Today, businesses can undertake market research on potential customers who are widely dispersed. Consequently, businesses are able to adjust thier products and services to the prevailing market needs. Moreover, such a market research can enable a firm to develop products that can be accepted in the international market. Thus, the likelihood of achieiving profit maximisation goal is high. The study also shows that an organisation can use social media to improve its public image by interacti ng with customers. For example, an organisation can gain insight on how its products and services contribute to customer satisfaction. Moreover, an organisation can use social media to clarify its position and strategy to deal with the crisis that occur in the course of its operation. Integrating social media in managing crisis will enhance the process by making it participatory. Thus, the likelihood of attaining effectiveness and efficiency in managing product and store loyalty amongst the customers will be improved. The study shows that there is minimal integration of social media in business operations especially amongst SMEs. Conclusion and recommendations Social media has undergone significant transformations over the past few decades as evidenced by the large number of social media platforms. Their emergence has had a significant impact on society’s behaviour and experience. Consequently, it is imperative for businesses to consider the most appropriate ways through whic h they can integrate social media in their operational strategies. However, the study shows that businesses especially SMEs have not fully appreciated the contribution of social media in their operation. Integrating social media in business operation can enhance an organisation’s competitiveness in a number of areas, which include marketing, human resource management and product research and development. Integrating social media in organisations’ marketing practices can lead to improvement in the firms’ level of profitability by creating sufficient market awareness regarding the product and service offered. Therefore, the likelihood of increasing the sales revenue is high and hence profitability is high. The study also underscores the importance of social media in developing a strong human resource base by using social media in their employee recruitment drives. Using social media in the recruitment drive enables an organisation to tap talent from a relatively w ide labour market. Thus, an organisation can be ale to develop a strong human capital base. The study also shows that organisations can also use social in gaining market intelligence on various aspects. Therefore, businesses and entrepreneurs should consider integrating social media in their marketing, human resource management and operational processes. However, it is important for businesses to ensure that they have integrated effective corporate governance and ethical mechanisms in order to improve the effectiveness of utilising social media. A holistic internal strategy on how to utilise social in the businesses operation should be formulated. Moreover, a strong team comprised of individuals who are conversant on how to utilise social media in marketing, human resource management and research and development should be formulated, which will increase the likelihood of successfully incorporating the social media strategy. 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