Sample Q Free Essays

Pick the one elective that best finishes the announcement or answers the inquiry. 1) When supported by purchasing power, needs become A) confidence needs B) physical necessities C) requests D) trades E) social needs 2) When managing a(n) administrators must conclude whether to put resources into it trying to incorporate it with a star or money cow or whether to eliminate it. A) money bovine B) feline C) outcry mark D) hound E) question mark 3) Because of expanding Americans will request greater items, books, magazines, travel, PCs, and Internet administrations. We will compose a custom article test on Test Q or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now A) levels of training B) family size C) quantities of nontraditional females D) ethnic assorted variety E) social class mindfulness 4) Causal examination Is utilized to A) test speculations about circumstances and logical results connections B) accumulate fundamental data that will help characterize issues C) reveal data in an unstructured way D) measure perceptions that produce bits of knowledge ridiculous through different types of exploration E) portray promoting issues or circumstances 5) Donna needs to purchase another coat. During the phase of her buy procedure she will request that her companions suggest a store or potentially a style of coat. She will look the paper for coat deals, and she will visit close by stores to perceive what is accessible in her value go. An) item assessment B) data search C) buy choice D) need acknowledgment E) elective assessment 6) When Burger King targets kids, teenagers, grown-ups, and seniors with deferent advertisements and media, it is rehearsing division. A) social 8) way of life C) age and life-cycle D) client status. Step by step instructions to refer to Sample Q, Papers

Sexual Harrasement of Women at Workplace Essay Example

Sexual Harrasement of Women at Workplace Essay The Supreme Court order of 1997 obviously and unambiguously gives a response to the inquiry What is lewd behavior? . As characterized in the Supreme Court rules (Vishakha versus Province of Rajasthan, August 1997), inappropriate behavior incorporates such unwanted explicitly decided conduct as: * Physical contact * An interest or solicitation for sexual favors * Sexually shaded comments * Showing erotic entertainment Any other unwanted physical, verbal or non-verbal lead of a sexual sort, for instance, sneering, making messy quips, offering sexual comments about a people body, and so forth The Supreme Court mandate gave the authentic space to the shrouded truth about SHW to surface; prior one just caught wind of casualty accusing, witch-chasing and coercing. Presently ladies are retaliating like there's no tomorrow. The electronic and print media have gotten incredibly receptive to the issue of SHW. Fantasies and realities about inappropriate behavior Fantasy 1: Women appreciate eve-prodding/lewd behavior. Reality: Eve-prodding/inappropriate behavior is mortifying, scary, excruciating and alarming. Legend 2: Eve-prodding is innocuous tease. Ladies who item have no comical inclination. Certainty: Behavior that is unwanted can't be viewed as innocuous or amusing. Inappropriate behavior is characterized by its effect on the lady as opposed to the goal of the culprit. Fantasy 3: Women request SHW. Just ladies who are provocatively dressed are explicitly annoyed. Reality: This is the great method of moving fault from the harasser to the person in question. Ladies reserve the option to act, dress and move around openly without the danger of assault or provocation. The most mainstream trademark of the womens rights development of the previous three decades has been| However we dress, any place we go Yes implies Yes and No methods No. Fantasy 4: Women who state no really mean yes. Truth: This is a typical legend utilized by men to legitimize sexual animosity and uneven lewd gestures. We will compose a custom paper test on Sexual Harrasement of Women at Workplace explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Sexual Harrasement of Women at Workplace explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Sexual Harrasement of Women at Workplace explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Legend 5: Women stay silent. That implies they like it. Actuality: Women stay silent to maintain a strategic distance from the disgrace connected and reprisal from the harasser. Ladies are worried about the possibility that that they will be blamed for inciting it, of being exploited, of being considered liars and made the subject of tattle. Legend 6: If ladies go to places where they are not welcome, they ought to anticipate lewd behavior. Actuality: Discriminatory conduct and misuse is unlawful. Ladies have equivalent access to all work offices. A protected working environment is a womans legitimate right. Avoidance of Sexual Harassment Prevention is the best system for taking out lewd behavior in the work environment. Numerous administrations have followed the U. S. case of building up an administration office to screen businesses strategies and reactions to lewd behavior and to engage inappropriate behavior grievances. In legitimate systems, which perceive inappropriate behavior as a type of sex separation, observing offices appear as equivalent open door commissions, offices or ombudsmen. Likewise, numerous lawful frameworks urge bosses to find a way to keep inappropriate behavior from happening. These means incorporate imparting to representatives that lewd behavior won't be overlooked, building up a viable grumbling or complaint procedure and making prompt move to research protests made by workers. There are additionally moves that workers may make to attempt to stop the pestering conduct or to protect their capacity to look for lawful activity against the harasser or the business. At last, worker's organizations and the media can assume an incredible job in forestalling inappropriate behavior through backing in the interest of representative casualties, the preparation of administrators, and the consolation of changes in perspectives on explicitly badgering conduct and the detailing of such direct. Contextual analysis Shivaji Science educator claims inappropriate behavior by head of division TNN | Jul 3, 2013, 05. 29 AM IST NAGPUR: One of citys highest universities that have a rich convention of delivering exemplary understudies each year in state board HSC assessments has been shaken by charge of inappropriate behavior. Three ladies instructors from the Congress Nagar-based Shivaji Science College have thumped judiciarys entryways claiming inappropriate behavior and exploitation at working environment by head of geography office KC Shah and head Devendra Burghate. A division seat of judges Anoop Mohta and ZA Haq gave notification to Nagpur University recorder, joint executive of advanced education in Nagpur, leader of Shivaji Education Society, other than Burghate and Shah, requesting that they document answer before July 10. The court additionally coordinated to keep up the state of affairs on move requests of solicitors gave by the secretary of Shivaji Education Society. Bhanudas Kulkarni and Tushar Mandlekar were the direction for the solicitors. They educated the adjudicators that Shah over and over embarrassed right hand teacher in Geology Jaya Kodate by his exceptionally obscene and offensive conduct. After her various objections to the head, an uncommon examination board were established, that saw him as blameworthy. In addition, the schools Womens Cell, Local Management Committee (LMC) and Womens Grievance Cell additionally prosecuted him while suggesting departmental activity. Notwithstanding, the school the board moved the complainant as opposed to rebuffing the HoD. Different solicitors Vandana Meshram and Kalpana Pawar-, who went about as board individuals that prosecuted Shah, were purportedly undermined by the head, who likewise denied them of their genuine privileges of being designated as leaders of their particular divisions. Tired of consistent provocation, every one of the three held up a grievance on June 18 and 24 with Dhantoli police headquarters while looking for insurance. Kulkarni and Mandlekar battled the candidates were exposed to sexual and mental provocation in the school, and as opposed to making a move against Shah, the administration self-assertively moved them on June 25 in most extreme pernicious and vindictive way, just to show them a thing or two. Indeed, even the exchange orders were educated through SMS as candidates had set out to speak more loudly against criminal operations of head and HoD. Refering to the Supreme Courts headings in acclaimed Vishakha versus State of Rajasthan case, they contended that school the board had neglected to give safe, made sure about and secured workplace to ladies. The solicitors petitioned God for mandates to NU organization to establish inward panels to manage instances of lewd behavior of ladies at work environment and putting aside their exchange orders. Laws amp; Regulations * Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section 354 * Vishaka Guidelines * Protection of Women against Sexual Harassment at Workplace Bill, 2010 * Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 Book reference * timesofindia. indiatimes. com †º Topics? * en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Sexual_harassment * ? http://infochangeindia. organization/ladies/examination/a-brief-history-of-the-fight against-lewd behavior at-the-working environment. html

Protestant Reformation and economy

Presentation Social lobbyist have been attempting to decide the connection among religion and financial development particularly during the medieval occasions in Europe and America. It has been contended that the development of Protestants from the Catholic Church had a constructive outcome in the financial development. This is on the grounds that Protestants had an entrepreneur philosophy while the Catholics despite everything clutched the communist philosophies, which blocked financial growth.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Protestant Reformation and economy explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More England and Netherlands for instance characteristic their monetary development during the seventeenth and eighteenth century to the adjustment in their religion from the conventional Catholic convictions. Simultaneously Spain and Italy observed a decrease in their economy and political strength during a similar period. Numerous researchers estimate that t his fall may be because of the way that these realms despite everything clutched the conventional Catholic convictions. Max Weber hypothesis Many researchers have thought of speculations which have attempted to clarify the relationship of Protestantism and monetary development during the medieval occasions. Perhaps the most grounded hypothesis was advanced by Max Weber in his exposition which was discharged in 1905 called Protestant Ethic (Cantoni 1). To this date history specialists, researchers and sociologists have never gone to a concurrence on the right significance of Weber’s thoughts. In any case, during the good 'ol days, the article was comprehended in its least difficult terms where individuals accepted that monetary development was firmly identified with the adjustments in religion which were experienced during the sixteenth and seventieth century. With time, various individuals had diverse understanding of the paper which achieved contentions because of contrast i n belief systems that individuals had. The sixteenth century is where Europe and America encountered a great deal of monetary changes. A lot of these progressions had just been experienced even before the time of renewal. In any case, it is during the renewal time frame that intense changes happened in the economy. That is the reason numerous researchers like Weber accept that the adjustment in religion may have changed people’s philosophies, activating financial development. At the point when individuals began to grasp the new strict belief systems they additionally built up the idea of free enterprise, a key factor that prompted financial development throughout the years. This prompted the improvement of exchange on a credit framework and the advancement of organizations and worker's guilds. The western human advancement was occupied with mass importation of sugar, silver and gold. There was additionally a gigantic increment in the Trans-Atlantic slave exchange which includ ed a lot of cash that prompted the advancement of the Atlantic beach front urban areas. This prompted a move in exchange from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic because of the great market that the Atlantic area was advertising. Accordingly a few shippers turned out to be extremely rich in this way spread their organizations to new districts resisting the principles which were set up by the state or the congregation the vast majority of which were administered by catholic convictions. During these occasions numerous individuals delighted in restraining infrastructures and in this manner forced high loaning rates to the credits which they offered to people.Advertising Looking for exposition on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In his article Weber accepted that the western human advancement was recognized from different social orders by its soul of free enterprise. This is on the grounds that the gre ater part of the individuals in these social orders were Protestants and they grasp the common parsimony a response to the teaching of fate. He accepted that eagerness and the affection for bringing in cash were the key components behind free enterprise. Supporters of Weber’s Work Kemper Fullerton was one of the individuals who shielded crafted by Weber. He said that individuals have been having the component of ravenousness for their entire lives yet the requirements in the general public smothered this inclination. He accepted that the components of free enterprise had been available in all social orders yet did not have the privilege of condition to grow out. This is on the grounds that the conventional religion and the early church were against the exercises which would have prompted the advancement of private enterprise in the general public. Weber additionally found that there was a contrast between the ways of life of the individuals who were Catholics and Protestants and that this distinction couldn't have been simply a question of possibility yet it held a few components of truth behind everything. Thusly, Calvinism ethos brought about the rise of free enterprise in the medieval social orders. That is the reason Weber alluded to Benjamin Franklin as the dad of free enterprise. Franklin most celebrated expression was; time is cash. Individuals hence expected to buckle down constantly and make as much as possible in light of the fact that once time is gone it can't be repurchased. In this way to business people, bringing in cash is to a greater degree an enthusiasm. As expressed before, Weber accepted that Protestantism had an immediate impact to private enterprise. In his theory Weber took a gander at two towns in old Germany (during the sixteenth century). One town had Catholic adherents while the other had protestants, principally Lutherans. These two towns thusly offered extraordinary conditions for his investigations. He figured out how to s ee that Protestants earned more salary when contrasted with the Catholics. He additionally saw that the Protestants went to specialized schools while Catholics went to liberal workmanship schools. He accordingly presumed that Calvinism was effective in imparting the idea that work and moneymaking was a business. This mentality hence could have been the road through which free enterprise rose through into the advanced society during the medieval occasions which later prompted industrialization and financial development in Europe and North America. Actually, numerous strict researchers additionally call attention to that Calvinism was a methods through which middle class and urbanization created from which at last prompted the development of organizations, the economy and industrialization.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Protestant Reformation and economy explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More People consequently became sane and created innovative sp irits since they realized that difficult work prompted accomplishment toward the day's end. Individuals in this way committed quite a bit of their time in business exercises and gathering of capital. Calvinists urban communities additionally endorsed inconvenience of loan fees on cash acquired particularly for business purposes, a thing which the catholic urban communities had would not support. Premium earned from cash earned caused the loan specialist to feel the estimation of his cash and furthermore gave them additional cash to put resources into different organizations. This made the economy of protestant urban areas to be a lot more grounded contrasted with catholic urban communities. One should in this manner expect because of these hypotheses that protestant urban communities had a more grounded monetary development when contrasted with catholic urban communities particularly if the urban communities had a solid potential in business and exchange. Different hypotheses propos e that the ascent in Protestantism changed individuals convictions and belief systems. These progressions had a positive effect in the improvement of the soul of business in people. This is on the grounds that these convictions had a type of monetary lessons to the individuals who trusted in them. A few parts of Protestantism like the puritans and pietists may have prompted the development of present day science. The protestant lessons likewise worried on singular opportunity and adaptability in life which may have made people to be available to current thoughts. In the event that these hypotheses are valid, at that point Protestantism may have assumed a colossal job in monetary turn of events and modern transformation during the medieval occasions. Different researchers propose that trust is a significant component in the improvement of solid financial ties and market trade. In old human progress when urban communities were under the catholic guideline there was absence of trust ev en among the pioneers of the general public. This is on the grounds that the progressive initiative under Catholicism debilitated level ties among individuals prompting absence of trust in these people. Various leveled states in this way acted in a to some degree poor way regarding political steadiness, financial turn of events, urban interest, advancement of framework and partnerships. Further examinations on the issue show that Protestants are not liable to lie on charges, accept hush money however may handily confide in an outsider not at all like Catholics who don't effortlessly confide in outsiders, show their young ones frugality and don't manage rivalries. This may be reasons why Protestant states became more grounded regarding improvement when contrasted with Catholic states.Advertising Searching for paper on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More To elucidate further on the hypothesis, it is accepted that Protestants Cities showed their kin how to peruse and compose accordingly they were proficient not normal for the individuals living in catholic urban communities. They subsequently could peruse and decipher the book of scriptures on their own which may have lead to the amassing of human capital. This may have prompted the advancement of the mechanical economy by the Protestants particularly during the nineteenth century. A traditional case of this was in the Prussian people group who were for the most part Lutherans and were instructed how to peruse and compose while they were in grade schools. They in this manner became educated and gained a lot of riches both in the urban areas and on the wide open which gave them a solid base of monetary capital. Antiquarians have proceeded to break down further crafted by Weber and found that his work had a worldwide and general application. They state that he may have created the term reasonability as a key angle to the advancement of present day free enterprise. In his postulation, the term soundness recognized current private enterprise from different types of improvement. As indicated by these his

US History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

US History - Essay Example For example, â€Å"American values, conventions, foundations, interests, and goals progressively separated from those of England†. The severe recollections of enduring in the hands of British redcoats during the war had likewise prompted a sentiment of fellowship among the Americans. To add to this developing separation, King George II and later King George III were aloof and haughty in their disposition toward the colonials. The Americans were likewise expectation on retaliation for the abundances submitted against them by the redcoats as â€Å"extortion of provisions, homes and men† during the war. In addition, as the Crown was in substantial obligation after the war, it forced a variety of assessments on Americans, which the last discovered unsatisfactory. The seeds for the American freedom that were planted during the French and Indian War picked up force after the finish of the war in 1763. American colonials were becoming rankled because of the torrent of new expenses that were forced on them by the British crown. The open turmoil was comprehended by its pioneers, who reacted by the directs of their inner voice. The political and scholarly culture in America during and after the year 1763 is an essential factor in the achievement of the transformation. For instance, the proficient and very much read populaces of colonials were given the case for a free America. They conveyed to the colonials the need to battle for their privileges and opportunity from abuse. To cite, â€Å"From 1763 through 1775, 43 papers over the states developed sentiments of shock among perpetually Americans by publicizing an ever-growing reiteration of the Crowns maltreatment of intensity. Print machines turned out a great many duplicates of several books, handouts, lessons, and broadsides whose writers strongly denounced the Crowns infringement of the British Constitution and the privileges of all Englishmen. During those dozen years,

Risk Management wk2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hazard Management wk2 - Essay Example It is on the grounds that such a demonstration is valuable and will proactive arranging will set aside a large number of cash to the organization later on. It will likewise guarantee that the information away is secure and without misrepresentation because of unapproved get to. Huffman Trucking organization the board is in the underlying procedure of concocting another database to keep the clinical records of the workers. A few elements must be considered before last guiding out of the database. The organization ought to build up a data security approach. Each representative should know about such a strategy. The approach targets shielding the data from unsatisfactory divulgence, controlling how the data is shared. A decent strategy ought to be clear, brief, practical, enforceable, job put together and centering with respect to long haul presence of the organization. The program ought to have an antivirus programming introduced in the entirety of its frameworks, spyware, and a malevolent codes finder. Antiviruses can contaminate the framework prompting the data misfortune or interference of the running of the framework. They can recognize any gatecrasher from getting to the private data. The framework ought to likewise authorize a product where process that updates itself consistently spoil the motivation behind observing the merchants. Such a procedure has an automaticity so that it fixes its own issues that emerges. Visit refreshes fix any vulnerabilities that may open the framework to programmers. There ought to be a clears framework to recognize, control and screen the unapproved access by outside gatherings. Stock and the executives of such resources involves having a rundown of all the approved and allowed parties that ought to approach the data. In this manner, use of cool devices will screen the gadgets that are getting to the database thus keeping up the frameworks honesty. The firewalls and data frameworks ought to have a protected setup. Firewall go about as traffic controls in

Website Pages List Common Essential Pages for a Website

Website Pages List Common Essential Pages for a Website .elementor-19992 .elementor-element.elementor-element-19992{text-align:center}Last Updated on February 23, 2020What are the required pages should I use on my website?This is a common question from bloggers and new to making websites which is why I put together this must-have website pages list. But first of all Disclosure As an independent review site, we get compensated if you purchase through the referral links or coupon codes on this page â€" at no additional cost to you. Dismiss alert Related reading:Page Optimizer Pro reviewIf you are new to WordPress it is important that you understand the difference between WordPress pages vs posts, so check that article out first if there are doubts in your mind as to when to use each.When it comes to launching your online presence by creating or buying a website, you’ll require pages for some of your content. But sometimes it is confusing to choose the right pages required for your website.Table of Contents A website pages list is differ ent for each siteWebsite pages list sectionsHere is the full website pages list1. Homepage2. About us page3. Contact page4. Blog page5. Privacy policy page6. Services page7. Products page8. Meet the team page9. Portfolio page10. Testimonials page11. FAQ Page12. Careers page13. Terms of use or terms and conditions14. Separate product pages15. Cookie policy page16. Affiliate disclosure pageNow create your own website pages listA website pages list is different for each siteRemember, every site is different whether it is a business or a creative website, and the needs of both the visitor and legal requirements will also differ accordingly. When it comes to deciding what to use from our important website pages list, you should ask yourself a few questions:What am I going to have on my website?What information should go on the home page?Do I require a page showing a privacy policy?On the About Me page, what information should I use?How well can I design an interactive Contact Us page?If you are working on behalf of another person, you can make a website pages list and submit it to the website owner, however, to make the process easier, we have divided the entire content into three parts: Join the FREE TrainingDo You Want To Learn How To Build 6 Figures Authority Sites?Join This Free Training To...Finally have a proven method to finding profitable nichesGet access to a foolproof keyword research methodLearn how to outsource quality contentLearn how to build white hat links to your site without headaches Website pages list sectionsGeneric pages that every website will needPages that a business will needPages that affiliate marketers will needHere is the full website pages list What to includeA complete overview of your company where you can mention the history of the business. If you are running a blog or an affiliate website, you should also have an about page to disclose what you are doing.You can also include a CTA to engage your audiences. If you are running the website by yourself, you can also showcase your bio, awards, and other information.What to includeYou need to include the guidelines and rules concerning how your site functions. Also, it should include a notice about trademark and copyright as well as mention of what state and/or country you’re operating fromâ€"this determines what laws you’re following.it’s the law! Basically, whenever a link is used on your site that results in a commission, you need to disclose this information to your website visitors. This extends beyond affiliate links and must be done for sponsorships, endorsements, and the like.What to includeMake sure the disclosures are written in a clear language so that visitors can easily understand them. You can explain what your relationship with the affiliate sites is and how you promote them. It will be even better if you try to be more precise with your explanation. For example, you can tell your visitors what the affiliate links do, and this will make them trust you even more. Save Now create your own website pages listNow that you’re all caught up with the website pages list, it’s time to implement them on your website!What sort of pages do you need on your site?Did I miss anything that should be in this list of pages on a website?What other pages do you think every business owner should include on their website?I’d love to hear your opinion on this, so comments below and let me know!

Impact Of Dividend Announcement On Shareholder Value - Free Essay Example

Different studies suggest that dividend payment has no impact on share holder value in the absence of taxes and market imperfection. Whenever companies have surplus earning, they should invest it in projects having positive net present value. Another approach is that, the stock value depends upon expected future dividend of that stock. So companies must try to reflect a sustainable growth while announcing dividends. This study is to examine the impact of dividend announcement on shareholder value. This study is based on 17 dividend paying companies, listed on Karachi Stock Exchange. The result shows that investors did not gain from dividend announcement, but lost some value over a period of 30 days prior to dividend announcement through 20 days after ex-dividend date. Results of study is supporting the dividend irreverence hypothesis, that there is no benefit of shareholder in announcement of dividend. Literature Review: The ultimate objective of any corporate entity is to maximize the shareholder value. For the accomplishment of this objective, Finance managers take three kinds of important decisions. First two decisions are investment and financing decisions and the third one is regarding dividend payment to shareholders. Now the question is that whether the payment of dividend increases shareholder value or not. As dividend mean reward that shareholders already own in a corporation, so it is adjusted by decline in stock value (Porterfield 1959 and 1965). Generally shareholders prefer capital gain over cash dividend and the reason is tax pattern. Normally dividend is taxed at high rate as compared to the capital gain. So if we neglect the assumption of tax and other restrictions, then dividend announcement has no impact on shareholders value (Miller and Modigliani, 1961). Investors value a dollar of expected dividend more highly than a dollar of expected capital gain because the dividend yield component is less risky as compared to growth component. (Gorden 1963) If a firm pay the whole part of its earning as dividend then it is most possible that there will be shortage of funds for investment which may cause decrease in dividend in the future. Another related approach is that dividend announcement effect the market price of stocks because it carries the information of future cash flow of firm (Bhattacharya 1979, Baryosef and Huffman 1986). Shareholders have no benefit in the announcement of dividend. As the shares value falls from thirty days before announcement of dividend to thirty days after dividend announcement. But these losses are partially compensated by dividend yield in long run (Hamid Uddin, 2003). In some countries like Pakistan, companies are ranked on the basis of dividend payout and some rules by SECP also forced the companies to pay dividend. Considering the benefits of capital gain over cash dividend this is not a better approach at all (Dr. Ahmad Kaleem Chaudhary Salahuddin). The whole literature review is based on two ideologies. One is that the dividend announcement has a positive relationship with stock prices (Gordon 1963) and the second is that the dividend announcement has a negative relationship with stock prices (Bhattacharya 1979, Baryosef, Huffman 1986 and Hamid Uddin, 2003). The positive relationship between stock prices and dividend announcement is due to dividend information effect, while the negative relationship is because of tax effect. Introduction: Whenever a company generates profit, it either goes for reinvestment or pay dividend. If a company is going to pay dividend then it takes decision of whether to pay cash dividend or to buy back some of the existing stocks. The question is if a company has opportunity of investment in a project having positive net present value then why should company go for dividend? According to Irrelevance Theory by Merton Miller and Franco Modigliani (MM) a firms dividend policy has no effect on shareholder value and cost of capital of that firm. The most important thing is the earning of a company nor the dividend policy or reinvestment plans. Assuming there are no taxes and brokerage costs. According to Porterfield (1959 and 1965) paying cash dividend means giving rewards to shareholders that is something they already own in a company. Hence this will offset by declining in the stock value. So paying dividend is not a good approach at all. According to Gorden (1963) investors prefer a dollar of present more than that of expected future one. Thats why companies should go for dividend instead of capital gain. All the theories regarding payment of cash dividend have their own approaches and directions. So the issue of whether paying cash dividend has any impact on shareholder value or not is still unresolved. In countries where dividend income is highly taxable as compared to capital gain, investors prefer capital gain over cash dividend. There is another face of picture, in countries like Pakistan where companies are ranked according to rate of dividend paid by them, companies normally prefer to pay cash dividend. In this study we have examined the effect of dividend announcement on shareholders value. To do so, we have selected 17 dividend paying companies from eight different sectors and use the methodology of Market Adjusted Abnormal Return (MAAR) and Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR). Methodology: To study the impact of dividend announcement on shareholder value, two measurement have been used. (i) Market Adjusted Abnormal Return (MAAR). (ii) Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR). MAAR indicates the relative daily percentage price change in the dividend paying stocks compared to the change in average market price. We use KSE 100 price index as proxy of average market price. MAAR is calculated as follows. MAARit = Rit-Rmt MAARit it is the market adjusted abnormal return for security i over time t. Rit is the time t return on secutiry I, calculated as (Pit à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Pit-1)/Pit-1. Where, Pit is the market closing price of stock I on day t. Pit is the market closing price of stock I on day t-1. Rmt is the time t return on the KSE-100 price index calculated as (It-It-1)/It-1. Where. Iit is the market index on day t. It-1 is the market index on day t-1. The market adjusted abnormal return (MAAR) shows the change in individual stocks value due to the dividend announcement. As the percentage change in market index is deducted, the remainder gives us the portion of the value change, which is specific to that particular stock resulting from its dividend announcement. MAAR is calculated over a period starting to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 30 days to +20 days relative to the dividend announcement day (O-day). The second measure used is cumulative abnormal return (CAR), which measures the investor total return over a period starting from before the announcement of dividend to after the dividend announcement day. We use a 51 day window period starting from -30 day to + 20 day relative to the dividend announcement day (O-day). CAR is computed as follows. CARit = MAARit CARt = CARit Where CARit is cumulative abnormal return for security I and CARit is cumulative abnormal return for all securities. Similarly MAAR it is market adjusted abnormal return for security I for window period. After that all, the t-test suggested in Brown and Warner (1990, p251-252) is applied to test the significance of CARit and CARt. Sample Description: The sample includes 17 companies, from eight different sectors. All these companies are registered on Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) and announced dividend between January 2009 and December 2009. Five companies are from banking sector, three from oil and gas, three from cement, two from chemical, one from Pharmaceutical, one from auto assembler, one from textile and again one from telecom sector. Table 1 is showing the names of companies with percentage of dividend announced by them in respective year. Empirical findings and analysis Market Adjusted Abnormal Return MAAR shows the change in individual stocks value due to the dividend announcement. As the percentage change in market index is deducted, the remainder gives us the portion of the value change, which is specific to that particular stock resulting from its dividend announcement. In this study, MAAR is calculated over a period starting to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 30 days to +20 days relative to the dividend announcement day on zero days. Cumulative Abnormal Return CAR which measures the investor total return over a period starting from before the announcement of dividend to after the dividend announcement day. Table 1 Sample Companies Sr. No Company Name Sector 1 Habib Bank Limited Banking 2 Allied Bank Limited Banking 3 National Bank of Pakistan Banking 4 United Bank Limited Banking 5 Bank AlFalah Limited Banking 6 OGDCL Oil and Gas 7 National Refinery Limited Oil and Gas 8 Pakistan State Oil Oil and Gas 9 Lucky Cement Cement 10 DG Cement Cement 11 Attock Cement Cement 12 ICI Pakistan ltd. Chemical 13 Engro Chemical Ltd Chemical 14 Highnoon Labortories ltd. Pharmaceutical 15 Indus Motor Company ltd. Auto Assembler 16 Nishat Mill ltd. Textile 17 Pakistan Telecom Co. Telecom Table 2 Dividend paid by different sectors in 2009 (Dividend in %age) Sector No of Companies Maximum Dividend Minimum Dividend Average Dividend Banking 5 66 25 28.5 Oil and Gas 3 125 25 67 Cement 3 40 Chemical 2 65 60 62.5 Pharmaceutical 1 25 25 25 Auto Assembler 1 100 100 100 Textile 1 20 20 20 Telecom 1 15 15 15 Table 3 Average MAAR for 51 days Days relative to Dividend Announcement Average MAAR -30 0.006995623 -29 -0.000286981 -28 0.005946367 -27 0.005136643 -26 0.005144653 -25 -0.004782532 -24 -0.005356564 -23 -0.002944433 -22 -0.01411987 -20 0.004907264 -19 0.00128167 -18 -0.00011111 -17 -0.001020032 -16 0.001673402 -15 0.000430173 -14 0.002846477 -13 -0.001693558 -12 0.002657397 -11 -0.016735807 -10 -0.013092062 -9 -0.005113378 -8 -0.000797798 -7 -0.015879282 -6 -0.005853397 -5 -0.006602591 -4 -0.010009299 -3 -0.002897751 -2 -0.009621279 -1 0.00260226 0 -0.007908932 1 0.005621832 2 -0.011260743 3 -0.001171285 4 -0.003236167 5 0.000455198 6 0.002713615 7 -0.002483024 8 0.006107779 9 -0.005986564 10 -0.006719537 11 -0.003661463 12 -0.00255736 13 0.001298415 14 -0.003020666 15 -0.013184736 16 -0.001647796 17 -0.000315768 18 0.006733917 19 -0.009766422 20 -0.000404328 Table 4 Cumulative Abnormal Return Company Name CARit Habib Bank Limited 0.007539 Allied Bank Limited -0.23825 National Bank of Pakistan -0.13679 United Bank Limited -0.56202 Bank AlFalah Limited -0.46642 OGDCL 0.077864 National Refinery Limited -0.17524 Pakistan State Oil 0.368848 Lucky Cement -0.14289 DG Cement -0.08247 Attock Cement -0.2001 ICI Pakistan ltd. 0.04316 Engro Chemical Ltd -0.32989 Highnoon Labortories ltd. 0.02233 Indus Motor Company ltd. -0.31301 Nishat Mill ltd. 0.09022 Pakistan Telecom Co. -0.13362 CARt -2.17073

Rhetorical Analysis Of The Dumb Kids Class - 892 Words

A Rhetorical Analysis like Nun Other Being a smart kid is an honor to most, but as a child Mark Bowden believed otherwise. In â€Å"The Dumb Kids’ Class† he tells his unique experience in Catholic school, where he was in the dumb kids’ class and then switched into the smart class, and discovers the true differences between them. Bowden begins his narrative with a hasty generalization when he comments â€Å"[I] astonishingly, was never struck by a nun or molested by a priest† (1). Although he is saying none of this stereotypical behavior happened to him, he is still reminding the audience of the behavior, which could turn away Catholic readers with such striking pathos. Then, he introduces the context of his education, which is ethos because he did†¦show more content†¦This euphemism puts what students may perceive as discouraging words, into a benefit of being in that class. Then, he goes on to the differences between the smart and dumb kids. An e xample of pathos Bowden uses is the dumb kids were proud of their class placement and saw it like â€Å"a badge of honor† (6). He also uses logos to differentiate the characteristics of the kids in each class. Smart kids were focused on pleasing their parents and teachers, while dumb kids did not care. Additionally, Bowden uses enumeratio when he lists all the trouble the dumb kids got into, to exemplify how naughty they could be. Something that gives Bowden ethos is in the aspect of the naughtiness of the children is the fact he had a broken tooth, which made all the other kids respect him. Another reason for him to be respected was the fact that when he was chosen for a humiliating game played by the school bullies which also evokes pathos, he punched the bully in the face. Then he claims his â€Å"most valuable lessons were in the dumb kids’ class† (8) , which is contrary to what most would believe. Ironically after claiming this, he was switched into into t he smart class, which he describes it a â€Å"the best of both worlds† (8) which is a bit cliche and could have been described better to describe the drastic change. In his newShow MoreRelatedContent Analysis of Focus Group Data7519 Words   |  31 PagesRESEARCH Understanding the Experiences of Adult Learners: Content Analysis of Focus Group Data Jeff Zacharakis, Marie Steichen, and Gabriela Diaz de Sabates, Kansas State University Dianne Glass, Kansas Board of Regents ABSTRACT In this qualitative research study, we sought to better understand the experiences of adult learners in adult education centers. We conducted eight focus groups with 104 adult education students from 25 adult learning centers. Five groups were made up of English-speakingRead MoreViolation Of The Maxims Of Cooperative Principle7912 Words   |  32 PagesAims and Objectives of the Research Project 6) Data, Methodology and Techniques 7) Plan of Thesis I) Chapter – I (Introduction) II) Chapter – II (Theoretical Framework) III) Chapter – III (Analysis of the play Endgame) IV) Chapter – IV (Analysis of the play Waiting for Godot) V) Chapter – V (Analysis of the plays Happy Days ) VI) Chapter –VI (Conclusion and pedagogical implications) 8) Scope And Limitations of the Study 9) Significance of the Study 10) Conclusion CHAPTER - IRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesReasons ................................................................................................ 236 Deceiving with Loaded Language ................................................................................................... 238 Using Rhetorical Devices .................................................................................................................. 240 Review of Major Points .............................................................................................Read MoreLanguage of Advertising20371 Words   |  82 Pages INTRODUCTION This graduation paper is devoted to the investigation of peculiarities of advertising language. However, the number of works devoted to the analysis of advertising language, is rather significant, though we witness advertising English is developing very fast. The reason is that advertising is very popular nowadays and a lot of people want to know about advertising language. An advertising practitionerRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY

Barnabas Medical Centre, Willow Springs Memorial Hospital and the Honeysuckle Clinic Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Dr Till plays a critical role in advising the board and supporting the medical staff towards the realisation of the intended objectives for Willow Springs Memorial Hospital. The board is expected to support the president in executing this initiative. The medical members of staff have a role to support the president in leading Hospital to achieve its vision. There is also the county health department director who should support the hospital by providing the relevant information and analysis of Willow Springs residents. These residents are the customers for the hospital whose needs have to be met. Their failure or success in meeting their roles would determine whether they are a support or barrier to the collaborative effort. Nola Salem is not a transformational leader, but rather a transactional leader. She makes generalisations, not considering the views of part-time employees as being significant. That is why meetings are called within even five-minute notice. A transformational le ader would not relieve employees who do not meet their targets of their duties but rather seek to understand their goals. Such a leader would be more focused on employees rather than attracting grant money as Ms. We will write a custom essay sample on Barnabas Medical Centre, Willow Springs Memorial Hospital and the Honeysuckle Clinic or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The questions asked would include what strategies the leader could use to motivate employees, to guide on belief in staff motivation; how to solve a specific conflict in an organisation, to understand the leader s value for communication and relationships.

Catal Hyuk - 2725 Words

CHAPTER ONE: Before History IDENTITIES: Complex Society Paleolithic Venus Figurines Metallurgy Social Class/Social Structure Lucy Neolithic Lascaux Cave Paintings Neolithic Revolution Agricultural Revolution MAP: Olduvai Gorge Neander Valley Catal Huyluk Lascaux CHAPTER TWO: Early Societies in SW Asia and Indo-European Migrations IDENTITIES: The Epic of Gilgamesh Sargon of Akkad Hammurabi’s Codes/Laws Stele Assyrians Economic Specialization Stratified Patriarchal Society Elite, Commoner, Dependent, Slave Cuneiform Moses Polytheism Cross-Cultural Interaction Cross-Cultural Exchange Semitic City-state Hammurabi Indo-Europeans†¦show more content†¦Augustine Constantine Visigoths Huns 476 ce Bishop of Rome CHAPTER 12: Cross-Cultural Exchange on the Silk Road IDENTITIES: Monsoon Winds Taklamakan Desrt Missionaries Epidemics Expatriate Merchants Bubonic Plague Bishop of Rome 476 ce Nestorians Syncretic/syncretism Small Pox St. Augustine Manicheaism MAP: Kush Himalaya Mounta ins Taklamakan Desert Taxila Persian Gulf Arabia Tyre Red Sea South China Sea Ceylon Bactria Chang’an Hindu Kush Mountains Madagascar Kashgar Caspian Sea Palmyra Antioch Arabian Sea Damasacus Guandzhou Pondicherry Samarkand Sumatra Java Parthia CHAPTER 13: The Commonwealth of Byzantium IDENTITIES: Byzantine Commonwealth Caesaropapism Corpus iuris civilis â€Å"Greek Fire† Schism Saint Cyril and Methodius Sasanids Hagia Sophia Theme System Iconoclasm Fourth Crusade MAPS: Balkan Peninsula Egypt Constantinople Alexandria Kiev MediterraneanShow MoreRelatedThe Pros and Cons of the Neolithic Revolution Essay933 Words   |  4 Pagesthought can be seen in symbolic artifacts and signs of ritual activity throughout the world. (Haviland et al 2011: 241) Trade increased and many settlements became wealthy. These wealthy communities could support some people as artists and priests. Catal Hyuk is an example of astounding neolithic art, much of which adorns religion shrines. (Levac k et al 2009:5) Metalurgy first made an appearance in Europe during the Neolithic. (Levack et al 2009:16) Architecture improved and in many areas dwellings

Culture Of The Kurds Culture - 1531 Words

Culture of the Kurds According to United Kingdom based news syndicate, BBC, in their article entitled, Who are the Kurds?, â€Å"Between 25 and 35 million Kurds inhabit the mountainous region straddling the borders of Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Iran and Armenia† (2016). This would make them the fourth largest ethnic group in the Middle East. Although the Kurds adhere to a number of different religions and creeds, they are considered a race of people with a unique history that separate themselves from the surrounding cultures of the middle east due to their differing religious beliefs, cuisine, dance, crafts, and geopolitics. Who They Are The Kurds have occupied the now north-eastern Syria, south-eastern Turkey, northern Iraq, north-western Iran†¦show more content†¦Another legend known as Newroz, proclaims that an evil king of the Assyrian named Zahak conquered and terrorized modern-day Iran. He demanding human sacrifices by the form of eating young men’s brains. Assisted by some of the local king’s servants, some young men fled and hid in the mountains with the aims of gather and training an army to oust the demon king. Once ready, the army descended from the mountains and slayed the tyrannical king. Kaveh the Blacksmith claimed the demon’s thrown and founded the Kurdish people according to Ãâ€"zoglu, in his book, Kurdish Notables and the Ottoman State: Evolving Identities, Competing Loyalties, and Shifting Boundaries (2004). Today they are still a nomadic people that mostly live in huts, herd livestock, and occupy the mountainous regions of the Mesopotamian plains and highlands regions. Kurds are often regarded as the largest ethnic group without a state,† according to Michael Kennedy in his New York Times article, Kurds Remain on the Sideline of Syria’s Uprising despite their attempts for independence this last century (2012). Religion The majority of the Kurdism people are Sunni Islam Muslims. This means that they follow the teachings of the Koran, which has the teaching of the Jewish and Christian Bible’s Old Testament, (Judaism excludes the New Testament) with additions from their prophetShow MoreRelatedConflict between Kurds and Turkish Forces Essay examples1592 Words   |  7 PagesConflict between Kurds and Turkish Forces I would not wish on anyone what I went through that day. This is what a Kurdish man said in a Turkish courtroom in October 2003. This was the common testimony among many Kurds that took the stand on a trail against Turkish forces. Hundreds of thousands of Kurds were displaced from their homes and then the villages were burned by the Turkish military. Finally in 2003 the TurkishRead MoreEssay on How Culture Impacted on Kurdish Community Mental Health590 Words   |  3 PagesCulture is an experience, knowledge, values, beliefs, religion, notions of time, spatial relations, attitudes, meanings, concepts of the world, hierarchies, and possessions acquired by a community in the course of generations. Culture is a part of every human being. It does not matter where someone was born or lived. Every single human being is surrounded by culture that effects his or her life. Culture influence our beliefs, expectations, norms and how someone will think and act. Culture also affectRead More The Politics of Turkish National Identity Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesNational Identity ?Modern Turkish National identity has been shaped by events that have taken place in the region throughout its history. The formation of the national identity can be attributed to two dichotomies of political thought and culture. Some people want to keep in line with Turkey?s modern history as a secular westernized country looking to join the European Union; while others hearken back to the days of the Ottoman Empire and wish to make Turkey a divided Islamic state. ConflictRead MoreMulticulturalism: Need or Menace? Essay914 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent cultures. Both economic and political order let people live in prosperity. They were show consideration eachother. In every country in the world has a variety of people, thus in these countries we can observe different cultures and religions. People who live far from thier hometown have to know their responsibilities because they are the representative of their ancestries. According to Edward W.Younkins â€Å"the main idea of multiculturalism is the equal value of all cultures†. However,Read MoreEssay on Turkeys Internal Conflict and the Kurdish Minority995 Words   |  4 PagesTurks. This issue has been with Turkey almost since the foundation of the Turkish State in 1923. The Kurds were promised the creation of an independent state as part of the treaty of Sevres in 1920 but this part of the treaty was never ratified and Turkey has refused to recognize the existence of a separate Kurdish ethnic community within its borders. Even so, Half of Turkeys Kurds have moved from the south east to the western cities of Turkey and have increasingly become integrated intoRead MoreFilm Review: Marooned in Iraq 1381 Words   |  6 Pagesminority groups in northern Iraq the Kurds being among them. This attack was carried out with a combination of aerial attacks, ground attacks, massacres, and chemical attacks. As the movie progressed it was apparent the effects that the war was taking the Kurds in Iraq. The films mood gradually darkened as the film progressed which correlated to the characters movement from Iran to Iraq. This film really showed a light on the effects of this extermination on the Kurds in Iraq. The biggest take away fromRead More Treatment of Minorities in Turkey Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesOppression of Turkish Kurds Approximately 12 million Kurds live in Turkey, but the country has repeatedly denied their existence. Instead, the government has referred to them as mountain Turks that speak a primitive local dialect instead of referring to their language as Kurdish.[iii] So complete was their denial of the Kurds that the Turkish government even changed the green in traffic lights to blue because the green color was associated with the Kurdish tricolor.[iv] Kurds were forbidden toRead MoreKurdish Culture1870 Words   |  8 PagesKurdish Culture Anita Palomo Anthropology 101 Mr. Steven Sager January 21, 2013 Kurdish Culture The Kurdish people are an indigenous ethnic minority found in the country of Iraq, also in parts of Turkey, North West Iran and smaller areas of North East Syria and Armenia. Ethnically parallel to the Iranians, the Kurds in the past traditionally nomadic herders but are currently mostly seminomadic. The majority of Kurds are Sunni Muslims. The Kurds are the most populated ethnic group in the world thatRead MoreThe Anthropology Of Iraq : The Land Of Two Rivers1328 Words   |  6 Pages The Anthropology of Iraq The land of two rivers, Iraq, has a fascinating culture that has been misinterpreted by the present turmoil. According to Elizabeth Pietanza, â€Å"Iraq has many different names associated with it including the land of two rivers, Mesopotamia, the Fertile Crescent named because of the two rivers that flow through Iraq including the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It is termed the Fertile Crescent because of the ample amount of agriculture that takes place around the rivers† (PietanzaRead MoreThe Naqshbandi And Qadiri Brotherhoods1683 Words   |  7 PagesDuring this period, Kurdish nationalist movements were intertwined with Islamic establishments and figures because of their unique ability to disseminate Kurdish propaganda and ideology and mobilize Kurds. Without Islam, Kurdish nationalism never would have been utilized and become such a formidable, active, and persistent force against its Turkish, Persian, Arab, and British opponents. With the spread of religious orders thro ughout the Kurdistan region, Sufi Islam flourished, thereby creating

The Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty - 915 Words

The Death Penalty is the punishment of execution to someone who legally by court of law convicted a capital crime. In the United States of America this is mainly used for aggravated murder. Additionally this means that the murder has circumstances that are severe. For instance it was planned murder, intentionally killed below the age of 13, killed someone while serving term in prison, killed a law officer, and killed someone or illegally terminated a person’s pregnancy while in the process of committing, trying to commit or escaping after the act of rape, kidnapping, aggravated arson, arson, robbery, aggravated robbery, burglary, aggravated burglary, terrorism, or trespass. The death penalty is balanced between pros and cons, where it†¦show more content†¦It must also allow the sentencing judge or jury to take into account the character and record of an individual defendant.The year of 1977 was when the death penalty in California was reinstated. In 1992, Robert Harri s was the first individual executed in the state in two decade. Including 12 other men that were executed after that year. The gas chamber was considered as a cruel and unusual punishment to the U.S. District Court, so California made lethal injections their default mode of execution. Currently the death penalty in California is still active, however it has been a full decade since the last execution of Clarence Ray Allen. There has been situations right after his death about the protocol of the lethal injection, which brought the states execution machinery to halt. Although this had occurred Californias death row is the largest in the country, still continuing to increase in number. First it appeared as 646 people in January of 2006, but today its 750. Last year California officially ran out of space for its condemned prisoners. Urging Governor Jerry Brown to assist them by soliciting 3.2 million from the lawmakers to expand the death cells. Even though only 13 men have been executed in California, there is still a number more than 100 that have died facing execution. A quarter of these prisoners have committedShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of The Death Penalty789 Words   |  4 Pages Death Penalty The death penalty has been a debated topic for decades. Many people believe that it serves justice to the person being executed, while others think that it does no good for either party. However, I believe the three most outstanding topics surround the death penalty are the cost of death vs. life in prison, attorney quality, and irrevocable mistakes. The first topic surrounding the death penalty is the cost of death vs. life in prison. This is a bigRead MoreDeath Penalty Pros and Cons1636 Words   |  7 Pages Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty The death penalty is a legal process whereby a person is put to death as a punishment for a crime. The death penalties are usually carried out for retribution of a heinous murder committed, such as aggravated murder, felony killing or contract killing. Every state handles what method they want to use to put a person to death according to their state laws. The death penalty is given by lethal injection, electrocution; gas chamber firing squad and hanging areRead MoreDeath Penalty Pros Cons2512 Words   |  11 PagesTop 10 Pros and Cons Should the death penalty be allowed? The PRO and CON statements below give a five minute introduction to the death penalty debate. (Read more information about our one star to five star Theoretical Credibility System) 1. Morality 2. Constitutionality 3. Deterrence 4. Retribution 5. Irrevocable Mistakes 6. Cost of Death vs. Life in Prison 7. Race 8. Income Level 9. Attorney Quality 10. Physicians at Execution PRO Death Penalty CON Death Penalty 1. Morality PRO:Read MoreDeath Penalty Pros And Cons1501 Words   |  7 Pagesthe death penalty. What laws have the Supreme Court recognized that warrant the death penalty as being cruel and unusual punishment. What are the pros and cons of the death penalty, death penalty vs. life incarceration from a financial standpoint, the death penalty is it a deterrent where crime is concerned, states that have the death penalty, the state with the highest number of death row inmates the state with the lowest, mentally ill and mental retardation, juveniles, women and the death penaltyRead MorePros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1435 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Death Penalty (DP), being also known as capital punishment, capital offence and corporal punishment, is a sentence of death imposed on a convicted criminal (1); this essay will use all the terms interchangeably. The DP breaches two fundamental human rights, namely the right to life and the right to live free from torture; both rights are protected under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) adopted by the United Nations in 1948, which contains a list of each human rightsRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1331 Words   |  6 PagesThe death penalty has always been an issue or debate in the United States, typically being asked if it should be illegal or not. As of right now there are thirty-one states, including Ohio in which I live, that still use the death penalty as it is illegal in the rest. There are many supporters of it, there is also a huge amount of opposition. There are things included in both sides that can make the argument harder to be one-sided but I believe that the death penalty should be legal throughout theRead MorePros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1348 Words   |  6 Pagesmost shocking, the death penalty. The death penalty, also referred to as capital punishment, was first introduced in the form of hanging hundreds of years ago when America was first established. Now, the most common way of execution proves to be death by lethal injection. For hundreds of years, people have argued over whether or not the general idea of capital punishment stands morally correct. Many have also debated if anyone holds the right to end another’s life. The death penalty, morally wrong andRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty844 Words   |  4 PagesThe death penalty takes the saying of â€Å"An eye for an eye† to a whole new level. From a very young age, everyone has been taught the undeniable truth that murder is wrong. So what makes capital punishment alright? Just because someone did something wrong, that d oesn’t mean that person can legally be killed, as we are all human, and we all make mistakes. In the United States, 31 states allow this punishment (Sherman). Christopher Wilkins, Terry Darnell Edwards, and Rolando Ruiz are some of the manyRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1939 Words   |  8 PagesThe death penalty is a serious problem that has the United States very divided. While there are many supporters of it, there is also a large amount of opposition. Currently, there are thirty three states where the death penalty is legal and seventeen states that have abolished it . I believe the death penalty should be legal throughout the nation. Crime is all around, Wherever we look we find criminals and crime. Criminals have become a part of peoples daily lives,Some criminals commit a crimeRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty948 Words   |  4 PagesDeath is something that a lot of people think about, but do people think about the Death Penalty? Havin g been given the death penalty means that someone is going to be put to death by a lethal injection or an electric chair; There are more ways, but the injection and the electric chair are the most used. There are many different opinions surrounding the idea of death penalties; which some people think the death penalty should be used more and some believe the complete opposite. There are two main

Business Research Method Qualitative Data Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Business Research Method for Qualitative Data Analysis. Answer: Introduction: The rise of the Australian dollar and the increasing competition amongst the Australian tourism company are the two key significant challenges of the Australian tourism industry. It has been speculated that recently, the international market share of Australia has reduced, and the domestic tourism expenditure of the country has also decreased currently (Biggs, 2010). Thus, the tourism company, Thomas Cook is also facing some operational challenges in the market of Australian tourism. Hence, the tourism industry and the government of the country would need to take necessary initiatives to improve the growth of the Australian tourism segment. Theory, Assumption, Background Literature: Theory: The theory of sustainable tourism systematically identifies the functional dimensions of the contemporary sustainable tourism, which provides the latest developments in the major areas of the tourism company and the services. In this regards, Kulendran Dwyer (2008) stated that Hans Magnus Enzensbergers theory of the tourism is a proactive effort in developing the Australian tourism. Assumption: The current study attempts to analyse that the long term government strategy would help the Australian tourism sector to build more competitiveness to establish a stable economic contribution. The future goal of the Australian tourism market has to achieve more than $140 billion in the overnight spend by the year of 2020. According to the opinion of Zeppel Beaumont (2012), almost around half a million Australians would be the direct employee in this segment. It is expected that the GDP would need to grow by 5% in coming future. Research Objectives: To evaluate the significance of the government contribution in the growth of the Australian tourism segment To identify the factors influencing the development of the Australian tourism segment To assess the relationship between the role of government initiatives and the Australian tourism industry To recommend the strategic ways for developing the Australian tourism industry Background Literature It has been identified that having a strong performance in this sector, the Tourism Australia has experienced several fluctuations to redefine the future success. As per the report of the Australian tourism industry, the government initiatives have helped to increase the number of tourist arrivals in the Australia by 8% (www.thomascookgroup.com, 2016). The overnight spend by the travellers has been increased by $83.4 billion in the last year. The government contribution has assisted the firm, Thomas Cook to earn the revenue of $7,834 million in 2015 (www.tourism.australia.com, 2016). Adding to this, the tourism support environment and the infrastructure of the tourism transport are the foremost factors that have assisted the Australian tourism segment to grow dynamically. I6t has been scrutinised that As per the view of Xu Bao(2011), the government has limited the tourism tax, red tape and the other regulatory burden to foster growth of the tourism sector. The effective marketing campaigns and the support industry development regarding road, transport have become more fruitful opportunity to initiate the growth of the Australian tourism industry. Furthermore, it is essential to remain competitive by building a digital capability to draw the attention of the customers (Zeppel Beaumont, 2012). Moreover, the commonwealth games 2018, is going to hold in Gold Coast, Australia, which indicates the government's intervention for developing the tourism segment of Australia. Variables and Hypotheses: Variables: The current research has established two variables such as the role of government and the Australian tourism industry. Both the variables are dependable on each other to satisfy the research objectives and goals. Hypothesis: H0: The role of the government has major significance in the development of the Australian Tourism Industry. H1: The role of the government does not have any major significance in the development of the Australian Tourism Industry. Operational Definitions and Measurement: AS the problem is very transparent to understand, so that, it could be deduced the problem need scoping or simplifying to make it achievable. The secondary data analysis has helped to measure the two variables such as the role of the government and the Australian tourism industry. Research Design and Methodology: Research Design The research design can be categorised as follows: exploratory, explanatory, and descriptive. In this current context, a descriptive research design has been evaluated by the researcher as it allows to assess various research scenarios. As per the view of Freshwater (2007), a descriptive research design helps the researcher to find the accurate solution by evaluating various journals, books and the authentic website. Hence, the choosing of descriptive research design is quite satisfactory. Instrumentation/Sampling: The researcher would send the online questionnaire to 60 visitors for collecting the quantitative data. Hence, the sample size is 60 for the quantitative data. A simple random probability mechanism would be chosen for conducting the quantitative data. In the opinion of Xu Bao (2011), it is feasible while the sample size is larger. On the other hand, a non-probability convenience sampling would require for accumulating the qualitative data. The 5 managers from the Thomas Cook would be chosen to collect the relevant information regarding the context. Hence, the sample size is 5 for the qualitative data. Data Analysis: The qualitative data in the current research would be analysed by transforming the visitors response to the assistance of graph, chart and table format. The responses of the tourists would be produced by calculating it in a percentage format. According to the opinion of Waite (2011), the MS Excel sheet is the best option to generate the responses of the quantitative analysis. However, the managers responses would be discussed thoroughly by making links with the famous authors. Moreover, the data triangulation has been maintained here to find out the authentic outcome of the current research. Conclusion The initial hypothesis of the research is supported as the firm Thomas Cook is getting a lot of benefits for the government contributions in the tourism segment of Australia. Recommendation: As Australia has a wealth of assets, including unique landscapes, nature-based tourism, friendly environment and the culturally diverse population, the government of the country could improve the key resources and the infrastructures to increase the number of tourist footfalls in the country. In the view of Biggs (2010), this initiative would facilitate the country to maximise the economic growth. Furthermore, the opportunity of digital revolution would allow the tourist agency to engage more with the visitors and making more business profitability. References: Biggs, D. (2010). The tourism societys dictionary for the tourism industry. Tourism Management, 31(4), 556. Kulendran, N., Dwyer, L. (2008). Measuring the return from Australian tourism marketing expenditure. Journal of Travel Research, 47(3), 275284. Thomas Cook group plc 2014 full year results. (2014). Retrieved from https://www.thomascookgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/ThomasCook_FY14results_transcript.pdf Tourism 2020 whole of government working with industry to achieve Australias tourism potential. (2011). . Retrieved from https://www.tourism.australia.com/documents/Tourism_2020_overview.pdf Xu, S., Bao, J. (2011). Plantwide process control with asynchronous sampling and communications. Journal of Process Control, 21(6), 927948. Zeppel, H., Beaumont, N. (2012). Climate change and tourism futures: Responses by Australian tourism agencies. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 12(2), 7388. Waite, D. (2011) A simple card trick: Teaching qualitative data analysis using a deck of playing cards, Qualitative Inquiry, 17(10), 982985. Freshwater, D. (2007) Reading mixed methods research: contexts for criticism, Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(2), 134-146.

Acid Rain (537 words) Essay Example For Students

Acid Rain (537 words) Essay Acid RainAcid rain refers to all types of precipitationrain, snow, sleet, hail,fogthat is acidic in nature. Acidic means that these forms of water have a pHlower than the 5.6 average of rainwater. Acid rain kills aquatic life, trees,crops and other vegetation, damages buildings and monuments, corrodes copper andlead piping, damages such man-made things as automobiles, reduces soil fertilityand can cause toxic metals to leach into underground drinking water sources. Rain is naturally acidic because carbon dioxide, found normally in the earthsatmosphere, reacts with water to form carbonic acid. While purerains acidity is pH 5.6-5.7, actual pH readings vary from place to placedepending upon the type and amount of other gases present in the air, such assulphur oxide and nitrogen oxides. The term pH refers to the free hydrogen ions(electrically charged atoms) in water and is measured on a scale from 0 to 14. Seven is considered neutral and measurements below seven are acidic while thoseabove it are basic or alkaline. Every point on the pH scale represents a tenfoldincrease over the previous number. Thus, pH 4 is 10 times more acidic than pH 5and 100 times more so than pH 6. Similarly, pH 9 is 1O times more basic than pH8 and 100 times more basic than pH 7. The acid in acid rain comes from two kindsof air pollutants sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). These areemitted primarily from utility and smelter smokestacks andautomobile, truck and bus exhausts, but they also come from burning wood. Whenthese pollutants reach the atmosphere they combine with gaseous water in cloudsand change to acidssulphuric acid and nitric acid. Then, rain and snow washthese acids from the air. Acid rain affects lakes, streams, rivers, bays, pondsand other bodies of water by increasing their acidity until fish and otheraquatic creatures can no longer live. Aquatic plants grow best between pH 7.0and 9 .2 (Bourodemos). As acidity increases (pH numbers become lower), submergedaquatic plants decrease and deprive waterfowl of their basic food source. At pH6, freshwater shrimp cannot survive. At pH 5.5, bottom-dwelling bacterialdecomposers begin to die and leave undecomposed leaf litter and other organicdebris to collect on the bottom. This deprives planktontiny creatures thatform the base of the aquatic food chainof food, so that they too disappear. Below a pH of about 4.5, all fish die. Acid rain harms more than aquatic life. It also harms vegetation. The forests of the Federal Republic of Germany andelsewhere in Western Europe, for example, are believed to be dying because ofacid rain. Scientists believe that acid rain damages the protective waxy coatingof leaves and allows acids to diffuse into them, which interrupts theevaporation of water and gas exchange so that the plant no longer can breathe. This stops the plants conversion of nutrients and water into a form useful forplant growth and affects crop yields. Perhaps the most important effects of acidrain on forests result from nutrient leaching, accumulation of toxic metals andthe release of toxic aluminum. Nutrient leaching occurs when acid rain addshydrogen ions to the soil which interact chemically with existing minerals. Thisdisplaces calcium, magnesium and potassium from soil particles and deprivestrees of nutrition.

A Review of Writing Research Papers Spiral

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College Essay on How to Deal With Grief

College Essay on How to Deal With GriefYou need to understand the words of the monster calls and read the thoughts that people have regarding the death of a loved one. They call him, they say they are sorry, but most of all, they tell you they are sorry they did not live longer than they do. Now that's not something you need to worry about when you write a college essay on how to deal with grief.The primary objective in writing a college essay on how to deal with grief is to give students an opportunity to express themselves through research and use academic skills to form good conclusions and analyze information. It's not the time to fret about the wishes of the dead. You can also be certain that no one actually died from a monster call.Today's generation is a fearful one. They want answers to their questions. They want answers to their problems. Most of them want confirmation that all is well.This has become a way of life in this country as they live in fear of life, time, and deat h. They want to know that there is a God who will hear their prayers at any time. They simply want answers to their prayers that they can find no more satisfactory answers to.In most cases, if they have questions, they call someone on the phone, take a trip to their church, or ask the priest about what God says about the things they need to know, but instead of receiving clarity and a simple answer, they get the chorus of monster calls. Some of these calls are malicious and totally out of line.When you write a college essay on how to deal with grief, you may be in the position where your ears are bleeding, and your eyes are flooded with tears and you're not having the time to take all this in. However, in order to make sure that you know the extent of this problem you need to go beyond these emotions and go after the facts.If you try to take it all in one big gulp one long day after another, you will never come up with anything substantial. The best thing you can do is go through yo ur emotions and see the threads that pull the story together. Then you can slowly unravel the pieces and piece together what went wrong, and what can be done to stop it.In your college essay on how to deal with grief, you will not have the luxury of indulging in the pain of the situation. However, you can't stop your heart from pounding in your chest, and your thoughts are racing at the thought of the person who is gone. The key is to accept and grieve, and let those you love know that they are not forgotten.

AP English Writing Test - Can You Answer the Question in Your AP English Essay Without Any Problem?

AP English Writing Test - Can You Answer the Question in Your AP English Essay Without Any Problem?What kind of AP English essay question would be right for you? Maybe you think that college Board Essay questions are challenging, and they are in some cases, but many of them are also ridiculously easy.This is not the case when you're trying to get your AP English writing certificate. The requirements for this exam are quite high, and they are also different from one college to the next. So if you can answer the question in your AP English College Board essay without any problem, chances are you're doing something wrong.That being said, I've been in situations where the AP English Writing test is much more difficult than it really is. If you have not been in a situation like this, or you just aren't up to the challenge, you'll want to study for the AP English test.For your AP English test, there are only two questions. They are both related to vocabulary, and also to grammar. There is no essay question that is going to be too hard, because it's not like there is any math involved.The first question on the AP English test asks you to write a paragraph about a country and explain what the country looks like. Of course, you will need to know at least one word of the wordings for the country. You will also need to know at least one thing about the culture of the country, such as a current political situation.After writing your paragraph, you will then be asked to provide proof of your grammar skills. What proof is given depends on the test and the particular College Board test you took. This question is usually about not only grammar but also sentence structure.Your second writing problem is easier and will involve only sentence construction. It is also similar to the previous writing question and only needs to be written out of twenty minutes. It involves paragraph structures and how to spell words correctly.Both of these writing problems will be very similar to eac h other and will be used to test your skills in sentence structure and grammar. Keep in mind that the writers skills of many College Board writers are incredibly advanced, so if you need to be a professional writer, you will need to study for this test, because it will test many of the skills you have learned in college.

Essay Topics For Going to Meet the Man Baldwin

Essay Topics For Going to Meet the Man BaldwinThere are many essay topics for going to meet the man Baldwin. You could be thinking about putting together an essay on anything from how you discovered that you had a problem with hair loss to why you think you will always date men who are bald, or anything else of this nature.Since so many people are having trouble with meeting the man Baldwin, I am going to do my best to answer some of the questions that you may have. This essay will also serve as a great way to learn more about the book, 'The Man Beret' by Harry George Littell.Most people have a problem with meeting the man Baldwin because they think they have to be old, rich, or handsome to be able to meet him. Actually meeting the man Baldwin can be easier than you think. I will show you just a few things that you can do to meet the man Baldwin and get back your guy friends.You will find out that it is possible to meet men all over the world. If you can't meet him at your local bar or party, you can meet him in the office, on the internet, or at a club or dinner event.One of the things that you can do to meet the man Baldwin is to go and take some training classes. You will find out that you can be trained in some very important skills. The biggest advantage is that you will have a much better chance of getting what you want out of your meeting the man Baldwin.When you go on your first date with him, you will find out that most of the time he will go out of his way to meet you. The truth is that you have already taken the first step to meeting the man Baldwin. Even if he is too shy to approach you, you can simply have a few drinks and then say something to the effect of 'I am going to pick you up at five.'You will see that meeting the man Baldwin does not have to be difficult. Instead, you will find out that you can work on what you need to improve in order to meet the man Baldwin.

California Public Service System Challenges and Opportunities Essay Example

California Public Service System: Challenges and Opportunities Essay The California Public Service System, officially called the State of California Personnel Board (SCPB), is a key institution in the state. First instituted in the year 1934, the civil service system has upheld high standards of equality and fairness in its history. The history of SCPB is intricately linked to the history of the country as a whole and hence the changes witnessed in the board were also seen nationwide. At the same time, due to the unique demographic composition of the state of California, with a high percentage of ethnic minorities, the SCPB had at times taken a leadership role in extending equal job opportunities to residents. For example, during the civil rights movement of the 1960s, the board was sympathetic to the cause of African Americans. It is no coincidence that the civil rights movement found its highest expression in the state of California. And in the movement’s aftermath the employee roll of the board reflected this newfound equality in opportunity . The board has strived hard to uphold this spirit even today and provides employment based on merit and free of political patronage (www.spb.ca.gov, 2010). The political atmosphere of today is quite different from what it was in the 1960s. Today it is the phenomenon of illegal immigration and the burgeoning Hispanic American population that is the central talking point. Since the state of California sees the largest influx of illegal immigrants, it is imperative that the SCPB be proactive in devising a fair and just system of employment. Hence it its history of over seventy years, this is the biggest challenge that the board has faced. And only a concerted effort at all levels of the board hierarchy and local departments would lead to a robust and implementable solution for this problem. (Population and Population Centers by State: 2000, 2002) We will write a custom essay sample on California Public Service System: Challenges and Opportunities specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on California Public Service System: Challenges and Opportunities specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on California Public Service System: Challenges and Opportunities specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Despite California being home to plenty of illegal immigrants, the entire community is disqualified from applying for civil service jobs. As a result, they are forced to seek private sector employment, where their vulnerability and illegitimacy is thoroughly exploited. Moreover, they do not get any benefits in the form of health insurance, job security, etc. In recent years Hispanic Americans have overtaken African Americans as the most populous minority group in the country. Hence, it is no longer socio-politically prudent to ignore the needs and demands of this group. California being the most sought after destination for Latin emigre’s it is imperative that the SCPB take initiative to provide job opportunities for this key group. (Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2007) Statistics from recent years reveal that there is fair representation of different ethnic/racial groups in employment. But there is evidence of underutilization of staff, especially those who fall under ethnic/racial minority categories. Hence the board leadership should also look into the issue of underutilization and attempt to overcome this problem by creative methods of human resource utilization. The conception and usage of Workforce Analysis Toolkit (WAT) is particularly relevant in this regard. As the SCPB marches into the 21st century, it is important to look at some of the issues deciphered by the WAT and try to remedy those issues. Chief among the problems identified by the WAT is the management of upward mobility of employees. As is well documented in state civil service literature, there are not always enough senior level positions for entry-level staff to move into. Employment in the private sector, on the other hand, is lot more attractive in this respect. Hence, the SCPB is faced with some major challenges as it enters its eight decade of existence. (US Census Bureau, 2008) With analytic tools such as the WAT, the SCPB is technologically equipped to deal with its present problems. What is required is proper communication and coordination between the various departments in implementing the plans. With the inspirational leadership of Governor Schwarzenegger, there is room for optimism that the SCPB will overcome its challenges and set an example to civil service boards in other states. References: State of California Personnel Board, official website: www.spb.ca.gov on 25th May, 2010. Bureau of Economic Analysis (March 27, 2007). â€Å"State Personal Income 2006†. Press release. http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/spi/2007/spi0307.htm. â€Å"Population and Population Centers by State: 2000† (TXT). United States Census 2000. US Census Bureau Geography Division. May 20, 2002. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt. â€Å"California QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau:†. US Census Bureau. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06000.html. The California Public Service System, officially called the State of California Personnel Board (SCPB), is a key institution in the state. First instituted in the year 1934, the civil service system has upheld high standards of equality and fairness in its history. The history of SCPB is intricately linked to the history of the country as a whole and hence the changes witnessed in the board were also seen nationwide. At the same time, due to the unique demographic composition of the state of California, with a high percentage of ethnic minorities, the SCPB had at times taken a leadership role in extending equal job opportunities to residents. For example, during the civil rights movement of the 1960s, the board was sympathetic to the cause of African Americans. It is no coincidence that the civil rights movement found its highest expression in the state of California. And in the movement’s aftermath the employee roll of the board reflected this newfound equality in opportunity . .

Significance of social media in business operations

Significance of social media in business operations Introduction Background to the study Contemporarily, change is one of the most constant elements that businesses have to take into account in the course of their operations. This assertion highlights why the past few decades have been characterised by profound social, economic, and technological transformations emanating from external market forces such as political, economic, technological, social, and legal environments.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Significance of social media in business operations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These changes have led to the emergence of a myriad of opportunities and threats within the business environment. Changes occurring in the macro environment have led to an increment in the rate of invention and innovation. In addition, social and technological changes have motivated entrepreneurs to invest in new and continuous product development in the pursuit for economic sustain ability. The Internet is categorised amongst the top innovations of the 21st century. Its development has led to the increment in the number of innovations that are being undertaken. The emergence of numerous web-based applications and platforms is one of the ways through which the Internet has been utilised. Internet development has led to the increment in the rate of connectivity amongst consumers. Its development has significantly influenced consumers’ behaviour. Moreover, the impact of the Internet can be felt through a myriad of applications in various market segments such as investing, shopping, banking, learning, and entertainment (Brunty et al. 2013). The trend with regard to technological innovation will continue into the future. Consequently, it is fundamental for businesses to embrace the emerging technological changes in order to achieve business continuity. Businesses should evaluate how they can utilise emerging changes in order to succeed. For example, organisa tions and entrepreneurs should take advantage of the technological innovations (Brunty et al. 2013). Social networks is one of the innovations that entrepreneurs can utilise in their quest to achieve their goals. Jadhav et al. (2009) define social network to include â€Å"a social structure made of nodes, which are usually individuals or organisations tied by one or more specific types of relations, such as financial exchange, friendship, trade and web links amongst others† (p. 49).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Social networks have transformed communication in organisations significantly. Conventionally, the media was used to communicate to target population. Social media has transformed this form of communication. Currently, social media provides businesses with an opportunity to interact with existing and potential customers. Apart from marketing, busi nesses can also utilise social media in other areas of management such as human resource management and research and development. Statement of the problem The high rate of innovation with regard to social networks has led to the emergence of a wide range of social media technologies. The social media that have been developed can be categorised into various classes, which include content communities, collaborative projects, virtual social worlds, social networking sites, and virtual game worlds. On the other hand, social technologies relate to emails, instant messaging, picture sharing, and blogs. Despite the numerous social media technologies that have been developed and their significance to business success, only a few businesses have integrated these technologies in their operation. The significance of social media technologies in enhancing competitive advantage and business continuity is highlighted by Thomas and Wasmund (2011) who posit that there is â€Å"not a business or an entrepreneur that should not be using social media in one way or another† (p. 16). Moreover, a study conducted by Optus in 2010 revealed that only 28% of small and medium sized enterprises have integrated social media in their operation, which represents a relatively small proportion of all SMES. Despite this scenario, Waters (2013) posits that social media is here to stay; thus, it is imperative for entrepreneurs to evaluate how they will utilise social media in order to improve their competitive edge.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Significance of social media in business operations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research objectives This research intends to achieve the following objectives. To evaluate how organisations and entrepreneurs can utilise social media in order to maximise profitability. To investigate the social media strategies that organisations can integrate in order to improve organisati onal performance and productivity. Research questions To achieve the above objectives, the following research questions will be taken into account. How can businesses utilise social media to maximise their profitability? What social media strategies can individuals and organisations integrate in order to improve their businesses’ performance and productivity Significance of the study Organisations cannot develop competitiveness by only being conscious of changes of occurring in the business environment. However, they have to align their operational strategies to market changes. Thomas and Wasmund (2011) are of the opinion that organisational change is a key element in firms’ effort to survive. Dealing with such change requires organisations to be agile and anticipate possible changes. This study will give organisations’ management teams insight on how they can utilise social media to develop their competitive edge. Some of the areas that will be evaluated rel ate to marketing, research and development, and human resource management. Analysing how social media can be used in these areas will improve the likelihood of businesses adjusting their operational strategies accordingly; thus improving their business foundation. For example, using social media will improve the probability of achieving diverse business goals such as profitability and developing a strong human capital base. Literature review The evolution of existing technology and the emergence of new technology have led to transformation of the business environment. Hundreds of social networking sites have been developed over the Internet in the past few years.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Increased research and development with regard to the Internet has culminated in the emergence of diverse social media platforms. Some of the common online social networking sites include Facebook, LinkedIn, Flickr, and MySpace. Social networking sites have undergone exponential growth due to increased investment in research and development. It is estimated that approximately 4 out of 5 citizens in the United States are developing, creating, and participating in social media. Leanne (2012) is of the opinion that social media has been integrated in the consumers’ everyday life, which underscores the importance of integrating emerging social media networks in business operations. Remenyi (2008) opines, â€Å"Social technologies are no longer a fad or something that will passs of such social media platforms include Twitter, You Tube, and Facebook. The effectiveness of these tools in creating market awareness arises from the emergence of a trend whereby consumers are using the I nternet as a major source of product information. Therefore, it is fundamental for entrepreneurs to formulate an effective social web by integrating diverse social media platforms such as illustrated in figure 1 below. Source: (Oracle 2012) The social web should be comprised of different spaces, which include spaces owned by the entrepreneur, spaces hosted, and the spaces in which the entrepreneur participates. The space owned by the entrepreneur may relate to the business official website, the contact centre and the knowledgebase while spaces hosted relate to You Tube and Facebook. Businesses can exploit this trend in consumer behaviour by designing a fan page on social media sites such as Facebook, which will play a critical role in increasing an organisation’s customer base. Currently, it is estimated that approximately 165 million Twitter users, 500 million Facebook users, and 75 million LinkedIn users. Additionally, approximately 200 billion videos are watched daily on You Tube (Thomas Wasmund 2011). Using Facebook is relatively easy, which means that it is not a platform for only large businesses but also the small and medium sized enterprises. Developing fan pages will enable businesses to leverage on social media viral capabilities. Businesses should also design short videos containing the products and services issued and post them on social media platforms such as You Tube. Other social networking tools that can be used to post videos include Youku, which is a Chinese video streaming service. Youku has assisted major companies such as IBM, Google, Pepsi, Nike, Mercdes-Benz and Nokia generate revenue. Consequently, using such tools will lead to the creation of viral effect on the videos. Moreover, interacting with consumers through social media leads to the development of a strong customer relationship. For example, an organisation is able to access market feedback regarding its products and services. Safko (2012) is of the opinion that social media provides consumers with a 360-degree feedback mechanism. Thus, social media provides entrepreneurs with a perfect opportunity to respond to customer complaints and opinions hence enhancing the level of customer loyalty (Safko 2012). Businesses and entrepreneurs should also interact with the online community through social media platforms such as LinkedIn, Yelp, foursquare, slideshare, and You Tube. Integrating social media also plays a critical role in increasing an organisation’s sales revenue and hence the level of profitability. Integrating with customers through various social media sites increases the likelihood of businesses and entrepreneurs developing a clear understanding of the prevailing consumer needs (Bodnar Cohen 2011). Consequently, an organisation can be able to align its products to the prevailing customer needs. The high rate of technological development with regard to ICT has led to the emergence of mobile devices such as Ipad and Ipods. In a bid to improve their effectiveness with regard to creating market awareness, it is essential for businesses to integrate mobile social media, which is achievable via developing a mobile social media application that is customised to a particular business. This platform will increase the effectiveness with which an organisation creates product and services awareness to potential consumers who do not have personal computers. The past few years have been characterised by increment in the number of consumers who own tablets, ipads, and ipods. Consequently, it is imperative for entrepreneurs to take into account the developments in the social media. Human resource management Staffing; talent acquisition and management The success of both large and small enterprises is dependent on the quality of human capital developed. Jacobson (2009) posits that a strong human capital base contributes towards achievement of the set organisational goals. Firms can post job adverts on various social media plat forms in an effort to improve the number of potential applicants. Fans on social media platforms can share job adverts with their friends and family members seeking a job (O’Leary et al. 2011). Leanne (2012) is of the opinion that social media has been utilised by organisations in conducting a background evaluation of job candidates. Some of the sites that have previously been used concerning these aspects relate to LinkedIn, Twitter, and Facebook. LinkedIn is ranked amongst the most effective social media platform with regard to recruitment of professionals (O’Leary et al. 2011). Its effectiveness hinges on the presumption that the platform is used to share professional information of its users. It is estimated that approximately 50% of Fortune 100 firms depend on LinkedIn in their recruitment drive. Therefore, using LinkedIn is considered very cost effective (Pride 2009). By the end of 2012, Facebook had a following of over 900 million users. Consequently, employers can obtain substantial background information regarding job applicants without having to leave their office. A survey conducted by Microsoft revealed that approximately 79% of managers in the US had utilised social media in their employee recruitment processes. Seventy percent (70%) of the managers revealed that they had rejected job applications because of the posts and comments on online platforms by the applicants. This aspect highlights the importance of developing good online reputation by posting positive comments. Social media provide organisations with an opportunity to expand their talent pool by improving its connectivity with passive jobseekers (Leanne 2012). Another avenue through which businesses can use social media entails ensuring that the employees comply with the set rules and regulations. Consequently, it is imperative for HR managers to ensure that an effective internal communication system is implemented. A study conducted by KPMG shows that organisations could use social media to develop the employees’ talent. For example, an organisation can leverage on social media by ensuring that they are connected with special interest groups such as mentoring group and volunteerism. Organisations can also utilise social media by developing expert directories comprised of employees who are conversant with one another. Mobility and collaboration Emergence of new technology and change in employees needs presents a major challenge for HR managers in their pursuit to develop a strong human resource base (Somers et al. 2009). For example, emergence of mobile social media devices has led to the creation of a prospect for immediacy amongst the modern workforce. Organisations can use social media to improve the degree of collaboration amongst employees. Currently, organisations are increasingly using projects in their quest to improve their performance. However, successful implementation of projects is dependent on the degree of coordination amongst t he project team members. Using various social media platforms improves communication and interaction within project teams as illustrated by Thomas and Barlow (2011) who posit that a team â€Å"remains the most flexible and the most powerful unit of performance, learning, and change in any organisation† (p. 30). Through social media, project team members can be able to share valuable knowledge and information. Incorporating social media is also paramount in developing a strong multigenerational workforce. Safko (2012) is of the opinion that communication â€Å"serves as a strategic change level by facilitating the transition of awareness to the actual ownership and adoption and integration of social media tools and guidelines† (p. 6). Research and development The number of social media users has grown exponentially. This trend is expected to continue into the future. Consequently, social media provides organisations with an opportunity to undertake research and developm ent. Soderman and Dolles (2013) are of the opinion that this goal is achievable via undertaking marketing research through the social media platforms. For example, an organisation can utilise the customers’ responses on social media regarding its products and services in their new product and continuous product development processes. Moreover, a number of social media monitoring tools have been developed due to increased innovations with regard to social media. Radian6 and Spredfast.com are some of the companies that have developed platforms that can be used in the process of conducting marketing research. The platform is comprised of well-developed web-based software that can be used in managing social media marketing. Using such tools can enable an organisation to evaluate the profitability potential of its target market by analysing the size of the target audience and their level of market engagement. Gaining such knowledge can give entrepreneurs insight on how to improve its branding strategies. Other web-based software that can assist businesses in determining the number of visitors who view the firm’s social media platforms such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Flickr, and YouTube updates have been developed (Soderman Dolles 2013). Research methodology The success of a particular study is influenced by the quality of the research framework adopted. Creswell and Clark (2011) posit that it is fundamental for researchers to incorporate an effective research design outlining the method collecting and analysing the data collected (Maxwell 2005). Both qualitative and quantitative research designs were used in this study. Qualitative research design enabled the researcher to acquire a substantial amount of data from the target population by conducting an in-depth analysis of the subject under investigation. On the other hand, quantitative research design was incorporated in order to improve the process of interpreting the research findings, which will be achieved by integrating numerical aspects of the phenomenon. Population and sample Organisational leaders and individual entrepreneurs from well-established businesses were targeted as the study population. This choice of the target population was informed by the knowledge that such individuals have sufficient knowledge regarding on the importance of ICT in the operation of an organisation. Random sampling technique was incorporated in selecting the sample. Thus, the researcher was able to eliminate bias in selecting the sample; all the individuals in the target population had the same likelihood of being selected as the target population (Deming 2002). A sample size of 100 respondents was selected from the target population. Data collection Primary and secondary methods of data collection were adopted. Secondary data was obtained by reviewing published reports and surveys on the subject. However, it was ensured that only credible sources of data were utilised. Thus, only re levant data was collected. On the other hand, primary methods entailed using data collection instruments such as questionnaires and interviews. Analysis and presentation The objective of this research is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the role of social media in enhancing the level of profitability in businesses. Moreover, the study intends to investigate the social media strategies that organisations can integrate in order to improve organisational performance and productivity. The researcher asked questions with regard to these aspects and obtained varied responses as illustrated herein. Analysis of research questions The researcher asked the respondents a number of questions to gauge whether the respondents have had any experience using social media in their marketing processes. Seventy percent of the respondents were of the opinion that they have used social media for personal purposes at one point. On the other hand, 30% of the respondents said that they had not in corporated social media in life, which explains the low rate of integration of social media in business operation especially amongst small businesses. When asked whether social media is important in their business operation, the respondents gave varied opinions as illustrated in the chart below. Strongly agree 47% Agree 38% Disagree 2% Uncertain 9% Strongly disagree 2% Total 100% Despite concurring that social media marketing through emerging social media networks is valuable for business operation, only 37% of the respondents said that they have used Facebook in their business-to-consumer marketing processes at one point. On the other hand, 29% of the respondents said that their organisations have integrated social media in their business-to-business marketing activities, which represents a relatively low rate of integration of social media in marketing activities. Considering the significance of effective market communication in business operation, it is imperativ e for entrepreneurs to align their business operation to market changes. The researcher was interested in knowing whether the businesses have integrated any social media in their traditional market communication activities. The results obtained varied as illustrated in the chart below. Strongly agree 23% Agree 45% Disagree 12% Strongly disagree 17% Uncertain 3% Total 100% In addition to computer-based social media platforms, the researcher intended to know whether the respondent’s businesses had developed mobile-optimised social media platforms. Ninety-seven (97%) of the respondents said that their businesses have not done so, which underscores the low rate of social media appreciation amongst business activities. In a bid to understand the businesses’ commitment to social media marketing, the researcher sought to understand the number of hours that the businesses commit to undertake social media marketing per week. The results obtained are illustrated below. Number of hours per week Percentage response 0 50% 1-5 20% 6-10 11% 11-15 9% 16-20 5% 21-25 3% 26-30 1% 31-35 1% Total 100% When asked about the benefits of social media in an organisation’s marketing practices, the respondents cited a number of benefits as illustrated below. Benefit cited Percentage response Increased exposure and insight on market changes 89% Development of customer loyalty 76% Improvement in business partnership 69% Reduction in marketing expenses 86% Increased sales 88% Eighty percent (80%) of the respondents said that an organisation can utilise the market feedback obtained in thier continuous product innovation by undertaking an online makret research. The respondents were of the opinion that organisations can use social media to gain insight on consumer complaints regarding the firm’s products and services. Moreover, the research can be focused on both the competitors and the customers. Despite t heir concurrence with the role of social media in research and development in an organisation’s operations, 90% of the respondents said that their businesses have not adopted social media in gaining market intelligence. The study also intended to evaluate the extent to which entrepreneurs have incorporated social media in their human resource management practices. The responses obtained in this regard show that businesses have not appreciated the role of social media in developing a strong human resource base. The chart below illustrates the responses obtained. Social media HR management Percentage response Employee recuritment and selection 10% Internal organisational communication 55% Talent management 5% No involvement 30% Discussion From the literature review, it is evident that innovations with regard to information communication technology are likely to continue into the future. Social media is one of the greatest revolutions of the 21st century. The hig h rate of innovation with regard to social media means that its importance in our daily lives is likely to increase. Consequently, it is imperative for businesses to evaluate how best they can utilise the new technology. Some of the areas that entrepreneurs can consider integrating include marketing, human resource management and market research.The study shows that social media can iimprove the effectiveness with whcih an organisation undertakes its marketing activities. One of these activities relaates to creating marketing communication. Businesses can use different social media platforms to advertise thier products and services. The likelihood of a business creating market awareness regarding its operations to a wide range of potentia customers is high considering the high rate at which customers have integrated social media in their lifestyle. Moreover, social media marketig can enable an organisation to develop a strong relationship with other parties in the supply chain. Anot her major benefit of social media marketing is that it is cost effective. Czinkota (2009) is of the opinion that a huge gap exists between social and traditional media. Czinkota (2009) posits that it is imperative for both large and small businesses to evaluate how they can incorporate social media in thier human resource management pactices. The study confirms that social media networks are redefining how busineses undertake thier HR management practices. Previously, entreprenuers relied on traditional methods of recruit employees, which no longer the case as businesses are relying on the connectivity of job applicants through various social media platforms in order to undertand their background. Consequently, an organisation is in a position to develop a strong workforce. Social media can also be used to nurture a strong organisational culture. For example, a business can use social media to interact with internal stakeholders such as employees, which will lead to the creation of a sense of involvement amongst employees. Consequently, the probability of developing a strong degree of organisational identification amongst employees is developed. In their quest to gain new market intelligence. Consequently, social media can be defined as a double-edged swowed in that entreprenuers can understand both positive and negative market feedback regarding its operation (Czinkota 2009). Previously, businesses had a limited scope within which they would have undertaken market research. Today, businesses can undertake market research on potential customers who are widely dispersed. Consequently, businesses are able to adjust thier products and services to the prevailing market needs. Moreover, such a market research can enable a firm to develop products that can be accepted in the international market. Thus, the likelihood of achieiving profit maximisation goal is high. The study also shows that an organisation can use social media to improve its public image by interacti ng with customers. For example, an organisation can gain insight on how its products and services contribute to customer satisfaction. Moreover, an organisation can use social media to clarify its position and strategy to deal with the crisis that occur in the course of its operation. Integrating social media in managing crisis will enhance the process by making it participatory. Thus, the likelihood of attaining effectiveness and efficiency in managing product and store loyalty amongst the customers will be improved. The study shows that there is minimal integration of social media in business operations especially amongst SMEs. Conclusion and recommendations Social media has undergone significant transformations over the past few decades as evidenced by the large number of social media platforms. Their emergence has had a significant impact on society’s behaviour and experience. Consequently, it is imperative for businesses to consider the most appropriate ways through whic h they can integrate social media in their operational strategies. However, the study shows that businesses especially SMEs have not fully appreciated the contribution of social media in their operation. Integrating social media in business operation can enhance an organisation’s competitiveness in a number of areas, which include marketing, human resource management and product research and development. Integrating social media in organisations’ marketing practices can lead to improvement in the firms’ level of profitability by creating sufficient market awareness regarding the product and service offered. Therefore, the likelihood of increasing the sales revenue is high and hence profitability is high. The study also underscores the importance of social media in developing a strong human resource base by using social media in their employee recruitment drives. Using social media in the recruitment drive enables an organisation to tap talent from a relatively w ide labour market. Thus, an organisation can be ale to develop a strong human capital base. The study also shows that organisations can also use social in gaining market intelligence on various aspects. Therefore, businesses and entrepreneurs should consider integrating social media in their marketing, human resource management and operational processes. However, it is important for businesses to ensure that they have integrated effective corporate governance and ethical mechanisms in order to improve the effectiveness of utilising social media. A holistic internal strategy on how to utilise social in the businesses operation should be formulated. Moreover, a strong team comprised of individuals who are conversant on how to utilise social media in marketing, human resource management and research and development should be formulated, which will increase the likelihood of successfully incorporating the social media strategy. 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